2026-07-09 ジョージア工科大学
＜関連情報＞
- https://research.gatech.edu/data-centers-are-booming-who-benefits
- https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=6497238
データセンター参入による地域経済への影響 The Local Economic Effects of Data Center Entry
Daniel Yue,Yiyang Zeng
Social Science Research Network Posted: 3 Apr 2026
Abstract
The explosive growth of artificial intelligence has triggered an unprecedented wave of data center investment, yet systematic evidence on how these facilities affect local economies remains scarce. We study the local economic effects of data center entry in the United States using comprehensive facility-level data merged with county-level economic outcomes. Employing a Callaway-Sant’Anna difference-in-differences framework that accounts for staggered treatment timing, we find that data center activation increases local employment by 3.5%, total wages by 5.0%, business establishments by 4.7%, and median household income by 1.9%, while reducing unemployment rates and stimulating building permit activity. These effects are concentrated in metropolitan areas, where agglomeration economies amplify multiplier effects, while non-metro counties experience negligible gains. Big Tech facilities generate larger effects than third-party data centers, and counties with early first-entry timing experienced stronger effects than those with recent first-entry timing. We also find that counties receiving additional data centers within five years of first entry exhibit larger effects than counties with isolated entries, suggesting that data center clustering amplifies local economic benefits. Finally, we examine electricity price effects, finding that identification is complicated by utility service territories spanning multiple counties. In areas with cleaner identification (fewer shared utilities), we detect positive price effects, suggesting data center demand raises costs for local ratepayers. Our findings inform ongoing policy debates about data center expansion and its local economic consequences.
