中国の節水と食料安全保障を両立する灌漑戦略を提案(Study Proposes Irrigation Strategies to Balance Water Conservation and Food Security in China)

2026-10-26 中国科学院(CAS)

中国科学院大気物理研究所を中心とする研究チームは、節水型灌漑技術の導入と灌漑農地の選択的拡大を組み合わせ、水資源の保全、穀物生産の安定化、投資効率の向上を両立させる戦略を提案した。研究では、県レベルの農業統計約4万2,190件、農家の社会経済調査3,576件、灌漑技術の比較試験2,230件を統合し、トウモロコシ、小麦、コメを対象に投資最適化モデルを構築した。現在の技術普及ペースでは、2030年までの単位面積当たり灌漑用水量の削減率は9.4~16.0%にとどまり、政府目標の25.5%に届かないと予測された。そこで、まず既存農地の灌漑効率を高め、節約した水を活用して必要な農地に灌漑を拡大する方法を提案した。トウモロコシでは高度な技術導入と適度な面積拡大を、小麦・コメでは拡大を抑えた投資を推奨する。気候変動に強い品種や栽培管理との連携も重要としている。

中国の節水と食料安全保障を両立する灌漑戦略を提案(Study Proposes Irrigation Strategies to Balance Water Conservation and Food Security in China)
This conceptual graphical abstract illustrates that optimizing both irrigation technology upgrades and expansion is crucial to achieving multiple targets: water conservation, agricultural climate resilience, and long-term investment return. This study conducts an investment portfolio analysis to accelerate the government’s progress toward SDGs within irrigation infrastructure and high-standard farmland construction plans. (Image by ZHANG Tianyi and WANG Jinxia)

<関連情報>

灌漑技術の向上と的を絞った拡大を組み合わせることで、中国における節水型で気候変動に強い穀物生産が可能になる Coupling irrigation technology upgrades with targeted expansion enables water-efficient and climate-resilient cereal production in China

Tianyi Zhang, Jinxia Wang, Huang Chen, Yuting Liu, Wei Chao, Feng Zhou, Shaozhong Kang, Zhenong Jin, Weston Anderson & Robert O. Mendelsohn
Nature Food  Published:23 October 2026
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-026-01455-5

Abstract

Irrigation expansion and water-saving technologies are essential for future water and food security, yet approaches that jointly improve resource conservation, yield stability and investment efficiency remain elusive. Here we integrate 42,190 county-level agricultural records, a nationally representative farmer survey comprising 3,576 observations and 2,230 controlled field experiments on maize, wheat and rice. We show that China’s shift towards more efficient irrigation reduced water use by 6.6–13.4% since 2010, but the continuation of historical trends is insufficient to meet national targets or protect yields under future climate change. We identify an optimized investment pathway that combines upgrades in existing irrigated areas with targeted expansion. This crop- and region-specific approach could raise yields by 0.1–10.9% while reducing water use by at least 25.5%, with rice offering the greatest savings potential. This framework provides actionable guidance for strategic irrigation investment in China to support sustainable agricultural intensification.

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