より厚く、より密に、より良く：新しい電極が先進バッテリーのカギを握るかもしれない(Thicker, denser, better: New electrodes may hold key to advanced batteries)

2023-08-17

2023-08-16 ペンシルベニア州立大学(PennState)

◆ペンシルベニア州立大学の研究者らは、電気自動車などの高性能バッテリー需要の増加に対応し、効率的なバッテリー製造方法を開発しました。この方法により、エネルギーと電力を保ちつつ、より効率的なバッテリーが可能とされ、電気自動車のエネルギー効率向上や電力グリッドの貯蔵強化が期待されます。
◆電極厚の最適化に焦点を当て、高性能バッテリーに活用できる成果です。バッテリー性能向上を図り、将来的には車両構造と統合する方法も検討中です。

＜関連情報＞

アライメントは重要である厚い電極を設計して総合的なリチウム貯蔵性能を向上させる Alignment does matter: Design thick electrodes to improve the comprehensive lithium storage performance

Bo Nie, Mingxin Li, Tiankai Yao, Haoqing Yang, Linrui Duan, Juchen Zhang, Guoqing Xin, Tengxiao Liu, Hongtao Sun, Jie Lian
Carbon Available online: 13 February 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2023.02.015

Abstract

Developing electrochemical energy storage that enables simultaneously delivering high areal, volumetric, and gravimetric performance is a grand fundamental and technological challenge. It is straightforward but problematic to make electrodes thicker and denser for high areal and volumetric performance while sustaining a high level of gravimetric performance. The insufficient charge transports in these electrodes with high mass loading and electrode density could severely degrade the energy storage performance. Herein, we developed an energy-efficient fast sintering method (e.g., Spark Plasma Sintering) to fabricate a structural cathode with a high electrode density (2.0–2.3 g cm⁻³) and high mass loading (70–100 mg cm⁻²). The vertically aligned carbon networks and anisotropic pore channels in the ultrathick electrodes (300–500 μm) are designed and tailored for efficient charge transports throughout the whole thickness. As a result, the sintered structural electrodes perform high areal (8.6 mAh cm⁻²), volumetric capacity (246 mAh cm⁻³), uncompromised gravimetric performance (164 mAh g⁻¹) at normal current (<2 mA cm⁻²), and stable cycling with a capacity retention of 84% after 200 cycles under a current density of 4.5 mA cm⁻².