2022-05-06 ペンシルベニア州立大学(PennState)
クロス現象とは、外部刺激に対するシステムの応答のことである。量子スケールからマクロスケールまで、ほぼすべてのシステムで発生する。クロス現象の存在は、外部からの刺激によってシステム内の部品の流れがどのように駆動されるかを説明し、システムの機能や有効性が、流れる部品の駆動力と移動性に依存することを説明するものである。
＜関連情報＞
- https://www.psu.edu/news/materials-research-institute/story/novel-cross-phenomena-theory-could-predict-most-effective/
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21663831.2022.2054668
Onsagerの定理を超える交差現象とその係数の理論 Theory of cross phenomena and their coefficients beyond Onsager theorem
Zi-Kui Liu
Materials Research Letters Published:13 Apr 2022
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/21663831.2022.2054668
Abstract
Cross phenomena, representing responses of a system to external stimuli, are ubiquitous from quantum to macro scales. The Onsager theorem is often used to describe them, stating that the coefficient matrix of cross phenomena connecting the driving forces and the fluxes of internal processes is symmetric. Here we show that this matrix is intrinsically diagonal when the driving forces are chosen from the gradients of potentials that drive the fluxes of their respective conjugate molar quantities in the combined law of thermodynamics including the contributions from internal processes. Various cross phenomena are discussed in terms of the present theory.
Through flux equations based on the combined law of thermodynamics, theory of cross phenomena is developed and applied to thermoelectricity, thermodiffusion, diffusion, electromigration, electrocaloric and electromechanical effects, and thermal expansion.
