気候は森林の微生物窒素循環を左右するが、農地ではその影響は小さい(Climate Shapes Microbial Nitrogen Pump in Forests, Not in Farmlands: Study)

2026-11-05 中国科学院(CAS)

中国科学院亜熱帯農業研究所の研究チームは、森林と農地における土壌微生物由来の窒素蓄積メカニズムが、気候変動に対して異なる反応を示すことを明らかにした。研究では、亜熱帯地域の気温・降水量の異なる30地点で森林と農地を比較し、微生物の死骸に由来する窒素量や微生物の窒素利用効率を分析した。その結果、森林土壌では農地に比べて真菌由来の窒素が約4.4倍、微生物死骸由来の総窒素が約2.5倍多かった。一方、森林では高温・多雨になるほど微生物由来窒素の蓄積が減少したが、農地では気温や降水量との明確な関係は認められなかった。農地では粘土鉱物による保護や土壌中の栄養元素のバランスが窒素蓄積を左右していた。本研究は、土地利用形態によって土壌の窒素循環と気候変動への応答が異なることを示しており、地球システムモデルの精度向上や農地・森林の持続可能な管理に貢献すると期待される。

気候は森林の微生物窒素循環を左右するが、農地ではその影響は小さい(Climate Shapes Microbial Nitrogen Pump in Forests, Not in Farmlands: Study)
Conceptual framework for land-use-specific associations of the microbial nitrogen pump along climatic gradients. (Image by Prof. LI Dejun’s research group)

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論文タイトル Divergent Spatial Climate Associations of the Microbial Nitrogen Pump Across a Subtropical Cropland-Forest Transect

Xinyi Yang, Pengpeng Duan, Lifei Sun, Peilei Hu, Tiangang Tang, Hongzhao Yuan, Kongcao Xiao, Xunyang He, Kelin Wang, Dejun Li
Global Change Biology  Published: 28 October 2026
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.71160

Abstract

Soil microbial necromass nitrogen (MNN) represents a persistent organic N pool, yet how land use modulates its spatial content and biomass-normalized ratio across climatic gradients remains elusive. Across paired forest and cropland soils spanning a subtropical climatic gradient in southwestern China, we quantified fungal, bacterial, and total MNN contents using amino sugar biomarkers. Microbial N growth and gross N mineralization were measured using 18O-H2O tracing and 15N pool dilution, respectively, and were combined to estimate microbial N use efficiency (NUE). We then compared MNN content and its accumulation coefficient between land uses and examined their associations with mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), and microbial NUE. Forest soils contained 341.4% more fungal necromass N and 150.6% more total MNN than croplands, but had a lower microbial necromass N accumulation coefficient (MNNAC), defined as the ratio of MNN to microbial biomass N (MBN). In forests, fungal and total microbial necromass N contents, as well as fungal and total microbial necromass N accumulation coefficients, were negatively associated with both MAT and MAP, whereas corresponding climatic associations were weak or absent in croplands. Microbial NUE was positively associated with MNN content in forest soils but negatively associated with MNN content in croplands. In contrast, a significant negative association between NUE and MNNAC was observed only in cropland soils. Multivariate analyses identified distinct correlates of MNN: weathering, plant biomass, resource availability, and soil organic matter evenness in forests, but clay-mediated mineral protection and resource stoichiometric imbalance in croplands. These findings indicate that land use redefines the spatial climate associations of the microbial N pump, suggesting context dependence within the Microbial Efficiency–Matrix Stabilization (MEMS) framework and supporting the inclusion of land-use context in Earth system models of terrestrial nitrogen feedbacks under global change.

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