植物由来の肥料添加剤が収量を向上させ排出量を削減（Plant-derived Fertilizer Additive Boosts Yields and Cuts Emissions）

2025-06-20

2025-06-19 中国科学院 (CAS)

Path analysis of NH₃, N₂O, NH₄⁺-N, and NO₃⁻-N emissions under different treatments (Image by LI Yaqun)

中国科学院応用生態研究所の研究チームは、植物由来の肥料添加剤「2-シクロペンテン-1-オン（CCO）」を開発しました。この新規窒素抑制剤は、従来のNBPTやDMPPと比べて、窒素の変換と損失を遅らせ、農作物の収量向上と温室効果ガスの削減を両立。中国・瀋陽の農業観測ステーションでの実地試験とメタゲノム解析により、CCOはアンモニアやN₂Oの排出を抑え、メタンの吸収能力を高め、土壌中の微生物群や窒素代謝経路に特有の影響を示しました。特にdenitrification関連遺伝子norBやnirDに対して強い調節効果を発揮し、微生物群NocardioidesやNitrospiraの構成も変化しました。この成果は、環境負荷の少ない肥料技術の進展に寄与し、持続可能な農業の実現に貢献すると評価されています。

＜関連情報＞

2-シクロペンテン-1-オン（CCO）の二重作用の解明：微生物制御による収量増加とガス排出緩和 Unraveling the dual-acting effects of 2-cyclopenten-1-one (CCO): Yield increase and gaseous emission mitigation via microbial regulation

Yaqun Li, Ruiyuan Lian, Wenyu Wang, Kun Zhang, Zhi Quan, Kai Liu, Jingyuan Li, Dongwei Li, Daijia Li, Lili Zhang, Jie Li
Soil and Tillage Research Available online: 5 June 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2025.106668

Highlights

Field trials indicate CCO boosts maize yields and reduces GHGs emissions.
CCO alters nitrogen genes, benefiting microbes like Nocardioides and Nitrospira.
CCO enhances soil health and fostering long-term stability.
Macrogenomics studies indicate that CCO’s unique effects on the N pathway to N loss.

Abstract

Conventional inhibitors, such as N-Butylthiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and 3,4-Dimethylpyrazol phosphate (DMPP), have been widely used to mitigate nitrogen loss, but their long-term environmental impacts remain a concern. Previous studies have indicated that 2-cyclopenten-1-one (CCO), a plant-derived compound, exhibits a dual-acting of suppressing urease activity and inhibiting nitrification. This unique property endows CCO with the potential to be developed into an eco-friendly and highly efficient novel inhibitor. In light of these findings, a field experiment was carried out to comprehensively assess the yield-increasing and emission-decreasing effects of this novel inhibitor and to explore the underlying microbial mechanisms. The experiment involved four treatments, each with three replicates: (i) Control (no fertilizer application); (ii) chemical fertilizer (NPK); (iii) NPK with NBPT and DMPP (NPK+ND), and (iv) NPK with CCO (NPK+CCO).

The results demonstrated that both CCO and ND treatments effectively increased yield and reduced emissions. Compared to NPK treatment, the CCO treatment significantly decreased NH₃, N₂O, and CO₂ emissions by 11.4 %, 9.9 %, and 12.8 %, respectively, and enhanced CH₄ uptake 27.32 g ha⁻¹. Furthermore, the ND treatment efficiently regulated the relative abundance and structure of microbial communities associated with genes such as amoB, nirS, and nisK. In contrast, CCO treatment acted more specifically on genes like norB and nirD. CCO significantly impacted target microorganisms, including Nocardioides and Nitrospira, by elevating bacterial abundance and intensifying community competition. Consequently, soil microbial metabolism, especially denitrification, was inhibited, reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions and enhancing maize yields. These findings provide valuable insights for evaluating nutrient-retention mechanisms of novel inhibitors and strategies to mitigate the greenhouse effect.