2026-05-26 マックス・プランク研究所
Masses in the Stellar Graveyard: A visualization of all gravitational wave detections of merging black holes and neutron stars listed in the GWTC-5.0 catalog. The figure shows the masses of the respective progenitor objects and those of the merged objects.© LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA / Aaron Geller / Northwestern
＜関連情報＞
- https://www.mpg.de/26537089/the-new-ligo-virgo-kagra-catalog-sets-records-in-precision-gravitational-wave-astronomy
- https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27223
- https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27224
- https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27225
- https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27227
- https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27090
- https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27226
GWTC-5.0：重力波過渡現象カタログ バージョン5.0の紹介 GWTC-5.0: An Introduction to Version 5.0 of the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog
The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration: A. G. Abac, A. Abe, I. Abouelfettouh, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, A. Adam, S. Adhicary, D. Adhikari, R. X. Adhikari, V. K. Adkins, S. Afroz, A. Agapito, D. Agarwal, M. Agathos, N. Aggarwal, S. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, I.-L. Ahrend, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, T. Akutsu, L. Albers, W. Ali, S. Al-Kershi, C. Allene, A. Allocca, S. Al-Shammari, J. A. Alvarez, S. Alvarez-Lopez, W. Amar, O. Amarasinghe, A. Amato, F. Amicucci, C. Amra, A. B. Anand, C. Anand, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Andia, M. Ando, F. Andrade-Oliveira, M. Andrés-Carcasona, J. L. Andrey, T. Andrić, J. Anglin, J. Anna, J. M. Antelis, S. Antier, T. Aoki, M. Aoumi, E. Z. Appavuravther, E. A. Appelt, S. Appert, S. K. Apple, K. Arai, A. Araya, M. C. Araya, M. Arca Sedda, F. Arciprete, J. S. Areeda, N. Aritomi, F. Armato, S. Armstrong, N. Arnaud, M. Arogeti, S. M. Aronson, G. Ashton, Y. Aso, L. Asprea, M. Assiduo, S. Assis de Souza Melo, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, P. S. Aswathi, F. Attadio, F. Aubin, K. AultONeal, G. Avallone, N. Avdeev, E. A. Avila, S. Babak, C. Badger, S. Bae, S. Bagnasco, S. Baimukhametova, L. Baiotti, T. Baka, K. A. Baker, T. Baker, G. Balbi, G. Baldi, N. Baldicchi, M. Ball, G. Ballardin, M. Ballelli et al. (1726 additional authors not shown)
arXiv Submitted on 26 May 2026
DOI:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.27223
Abstract
The Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC) is a collection of short-duration (transient) gravitational-wave signals identified by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration in gravitational-wave data produced by the eponymous detectors. The catalog provides information about the identified candidates, such as the arrival time and amplitude of the signal and properties of the signal’s source as inferred from the observational data. GWTC is the release of this dataset and version 5.0 extends the catalog to include observations made during the second part of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run up until 2025 January 28. This paper marks an introduction to a collection of articles related to this version of the catalog, GWTC-5.0. This update significantly increases the number of detected merging binary systems of black holes and neutron stars to over 300, enabling many follow-up studies toward understanding the gravitational-wave universe. The collection of articles accompanying the catalog provides documentation of the methods used to analyze the data, summaries of the catalog of events, observational measurements drawn from the population, and detailed discussions of selected candidates.
GWTC-5.0：重力波過渡現象の識別と特性評価のための手法 GWTC-5.0: Methods for Identifying and Characterizing Gravitational-wave Transients
The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration
arXiv Submitted on 26 May 2026
DOI:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.27224
Abstract
The Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC) is a collection of candidate gravitational-wave transient signals identified and characterized by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration. Producing the contents of the GWTC from detector data requires complex analysis methods. These comprise techniques to model the signal; identify the transients in the data; evaluate the quality of the data and mitigate possible instrumental issues; infer the parameters of each transient; compare the data with the waveform models for compact binary coalescences, and handle the large amount of results associated with all these different analyses. In this paper, we describe the methods employed to produce the catalog’s fifth release, GWTC-5.0, focusing on the analysis of the second part of the fourth observing run of LIGO, Virgo and KAGRA.
GWTC-5.0：第4回LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA観測ランの第2部からの観測結果と重力波過渡現象カタログの更新 GWTC-5.0: Observations from the Second Part of the Fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run and Updates to the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog
The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration
arXiv Submitted on 26 May 2026
DOI:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.27225
Abstract
Version 5.0 of the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-5.0) adds new candidates detected by the LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA observatories through the second part of the fourth observing run (O4b: 2024 April 10 15:00:00 to 2025 January 28 17:00:00 UTC) and a preceding engineering run. In these new data, we find 150 compact binary coalescence candidates that are identified by at least one of our search algorithms with a probability of astrophysical origin Pastro ≥ 0.5 and that are not vetoed during event validation. We also provide detailed source property measurements for 103 of these that have a false-alarm rate < 1yr-1. Based on the inferred component masses, these candidates are consistent with signals from binary black holes without binary neutron stars or neutron star-black hole binaries. Median inferred component masses of binary black holes in the catalog now range from 5.14 M⊙(GW241109_115924) to 70M⊙ (GW241116_151753). For the first time, we have discovered binary black hole signals with network signal-to-noise ratio exceeding 70, GW250114_082203, enabling high-fidelity studies of the astrophysical properties of these systems and test of general relativity. Together with updated 139 candidates up to the first part of the fourth observing run, this brings the total number of transients in the cumulative GWTC to 390, which fulfills the criteria of Pastro ≥ 0.5 , further expanding the size of the catalog and our view of the gravitational-wave Universe.
GWTC-5.0：宇宙膨張率と修正重力波伝播に関する制約 GWTC-5.0: Constraints on the Cosmic Expansion Rate and Modified Gravitational-wave Propagation
The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration
arXiv Submitted on 26 May 2026
DOI:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.27227
Abstract
We employ 236 gravitational-wave (GW) sources in the fifth LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA Collaboration (LVK) Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-5.0) to estimate the Hubble constant H0. We compare the luminosity distance measured from GWs to the redshift inferred i) using features in the mass spectrum, and ii) using statistical host galaxy association. Probing the relationship between source luminosity distances and redshifts obtained in this way yields constraints on cosmological parameters. We estimate H0=71.0+9.0-7.1km s-1 Mpc-1 (median with 68% symmetric credible interval). This combines information from the source-frame mass distribution with the H0 measurement from GW170817 and its electromagnetic counterpart as well as galaxy catalog information from Dark Energy Survey Year 6 (DES-Y6). We improve over the GWTC-4.0 measurement by using more GW sources, some with significantly smaller sky localization volumes, which leads to a reduction by 25.7%of the H0 uncertainty and a reconstructed mass distribution with lower uncertainties. We also constrain deviations from general relativity (GR) which affect GW propagation, specifically that modify the luminosity distance inferred from the GW signal. We find no departures from GR in parameterized tests of GW propagation.
LIGO、Virgo、KAGRAによる第4次観測期間第2部までのオープンデータ Open Data from LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA through the Second Part of the Fourth Observing Run
The LIGO Scientific collaboration, the Virgo collaboration, the KAGRA collaboration
arXiv Submitted on 26 May 2026
DOI:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.27090
Abstract
LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO form a network of gravitational-wave observatories. Data and analysis results from this network are made publicly available through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center (GWOSC). This paper describes open data from this network, including the addition of data from the second part of the fourth observing run (O4b) and selected periods from the preceding engineering run (ER16), which were collected from times spanning April 6th, 2024 to January 28th, 2025. The public data set includes calibrated strain time series for each instrument, data from additional channels used for noise subtraction and detector characterization, and new analysis data products in the online GWOSC release associated with version 5.0 of the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog.
GWTC-5.0：合体するコンパクト連星の集団特性 GWTC-5.0: Population Properties of Merging Compact Binaries
The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration
arXiv Submitted on 26 May 2026
DOI:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.27226
Abstract
We present the population properties of merging compact binaries inferred using 267 mergers from the cumulative Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog 5.0. As this data set contains no new sources with a neutron star, we primarily focus on the properties of the binary black hole mergers. We infer the merger rate of binary black holes with component masses between 2.5M⊙and 200M⊙ to be 27.5–49.4Gpc-3yr-1 (all intervals at 90% credible levels) at redshift z-0.2. We find evidence for a subpopulation of binary black hole mergers that host a rapidly spinning black hole (dimensionless spins X∼0.7), consistent with signatures of hierarchical mergers. We find that these occur at two mass scales, the first at primary masses ∼10–20M⊙ and the second above ∼45M⊙, and we estimate their total rate at z=0.2 to be 0.2—3.11Gpc-3yr-1. We infer that, above 40M⊙, the mass distribution of the less massive (secondary) black hole declines more steeply than that of the more massive (primary) one. This is consistent with a flatter mass-ratio distribution and indicates the prevalence of unequal-mass binaries with large primary masses. We find evidence for two features in the black hole mass spectrum: a peak around 10M⊙ and a change of slope at around 35M⊙ Black holes of ∼35M⊙ pair preferentially with companions of similar mass. Additionally, we find that the effective inspiral spin distribution of binary black holes is asymmetric about zero, based on which we infer that at least 9% of mergers occur in channels with some preference for spin-orbit alignment. We find evidence that…
