物理法則を学んでホログラムから顕微鏡画像を再構築する自己教師あり AI (Self-supervised AI Learns Physics to Reconstruct Microscopic Images from Holograms)

Existing applications of deep learning in computational imaging and microscopy mostly depend on supervised learning, requiring large-scale, diverse and labelled training data. The acquisition and preparation of such training image datasets is often laborious and costly, leading to limited generalization to new sample types. Here we report a self-supervised learning model, termed GedankenNet, that eliminates the need for labelled or experimental training data, and demonstrate its effectiveness and superior generalization on hologram reconstruction tasks. Without prior knowledge about the sample types, the self-supervised learning model was trained using a physics-consistency loss and artificial random images synthetically generated without any experiments or resemblance to real-world samples. After its self-supervised training, GedankenNet successfully generalized to experimental holograms of unseen biological samples, reconstructing the phase and amplitude images of different types of object using experimentally acquired holograms. Without access to experimental data, knowledge of real samples or their spatial features, GedankenNet achieved complex-valued image reconstructions consistent with the wave equation in free space. The GedankenNet framework also shows resilience to random, unknown perturbations in the physical forward model, including changes in the hologram distances, pixel size and illumination wavelength. This self-supervised learning of image reconstruction creates new opportunities for solving inverse problems in holography, microscopy and computational imaging.