2026-06-17 フィンランド技術研究センター（VTT）
＜関連情報＞
- https://www.vttresearch.com/en/project_news/building-resilience-rebuild-fin-project-aims-safeguard-finnish-homes-during-power
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378778825013635
北欧の気候における建物の改修と再生可能エネルギーの統合がエネルギーレジリエンスに及ぼす影響：アンケート調査に基づく閾値を用いた技術経済分析 Implication of building renovation and renewable integration on the energy resilience in the Nordic climate: Techno-economic analysis using questionnaire-based thresholds
Hassam ur Rehman, Rakesh Ramesh
Energy and Buildings Available online: 30 October 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116633
Highlights
- Analyzed the effects of long-term blackouts on the energy resilience of buildings.
- Proposed human-centered energy resilience thresholds based on survey responses.
- Habitability threshold varied based on gender, age, building type, and location.
- Low heating and stress increased in the old building and reduced with renovation.
- Survivability improved with renovation and integration of PV, storage and heat pump.
Abstract
As climate change worsens energy insecurity, resilience to long-term blackouts in cold climates is increasingly critical. Blackouts can compromise indoor heating, leading to serious habitability, health, and survivability risks. Yet, most existing regulatory frameworks lack clear definitions of minimum habitability and survivability thresholds, and often under examine the role of demographic and social factors. This study presents a novel, integrated, human-centric method that combines a single-stage occupants survey—designed to assess energy resilience awareness, occupant-defined habitability and survivability thresholds, and key demographic factors—with a detailed building performance simulation model. Survey data was collected from 378 participants residing in a cold climate region (Finland) and is integrated with simulations of both old and renovated residential buildings, incorporating various passive and active energy systems, including building envelope, photovoltaics (PV), battery storage, and heat pumps. This interdisciplinary approach enables a comprehensive techno-economic analysis that effectively bridges social perceptions with technical assessments of energy resilience. Moreover, a new set of energy resilience indicators is proposed, specifically tailored for buildings in cold regions. These indicators form the basis of a color-based classification scheme used to visualize simulation outcomes and compare the resilience performances of the buildings. Survey results show that heating (i.e., habitability) is the top need in Finland, followed by electrical loads (i.e., survivability). Habitability thresholds differ by age, gender, location, and building type, ranging from 15 °C to 19 °C. Older buildings fail to meet these needs, especially for people over 50 years old. In passive conditions, dissatisfaction among older adults reaches 100 % and elevated psychological stress values. Renovations and renewable energy systems greatly improve resilience, reducing low heating risks and physiological stress—though at a 94 % cost increase. Dissatisfaction with habitability drops from 100 % to 1 %, and survivability improves from 0 % to 98 %. For adults aged 41–61+, dissatisfaction drops to 90 % (men) and 98 % (women) with building renovation, and with PV-battery systems, it falls to 0 % for both. This research offers a transferable, occupant-centered framework for assessing energy resilience, bridging technical, social, and economic dimensions to guide building adaptation in other cold climates and Nordic countries.
