寒冷地でもEVを5倍速く充電可能な電池製造法を開発（Charging electric vehicles 5x faster in subfreezing temps）

2025-04-01 ミシガン大学​

＜関連情報＞

• https://news.umich.edu/charging-electric-vehicles-5x-faster-in-subfreezing-temps/
• https://www.cell.com/joule/abstract/S2542-4351(25)00062-5#fig1

インターフェイスエンジニアリングと3Dアーキテクチャーにより、氷点下でリチウムイオン電池の6℃急速充電が可能になる Enabling 6C fast charging of Li-ion batteries at sub-zero temperatures via interface engineering and 3D architectures

Tae H. Cho∙ Yuxin Chen∙ Daniel W. Liao∙ … ∙ Daniel Penley∙ Manoj K. Jangid∙ Neil P. Dasgupta
Joule  Published:March 17, 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.101881

Graphical abstract

Context & scale

Current Li-ion batteries suffer from limited performance under (1) fast-charge, (2) low-temperature, and (3) thick-electrode conditions, where multiple mass transport and interfacial kinetic effects need to be simultaneously addressed. As a consequence, design trade-offs limit the use of batteries in applications that are challenging to electrify, especially in extreme environments and in configurations where thermal management is not feasible. Here, we introduce a strategy that allows for extreme fast charging (up to 6C) at low temperatures (down to −10°C), while maintaining technologically relevant electrode loadings > 3 mAh/cm². A synergistic strategy is employed using surface coatings and 3D-architected graphite anodes, which can address both transport and interfacial limitations under these extreme conditions without harmful lithium plating. This study provides fundamental insights into the dominant mechanisms that control Li plating and capacity fade under low-temperature and fast-charge conditions.

Highlights

• 6C fast charging of Li-ion batteries is demonstrated at −10°C without Li plating
• 3D electrodes and artificial SEI coatings improve transport and interface kinetics
• 3-electrode measurements decouple interface/transport effects at low temperatures
• Fast charging at low temperatures can enhance electric vehicles in cold climates

Summary

Addressing the trilemma between fast-charging, low-temperature operation, and high-energy-density electrodes is critical to advance Li-ion batteries. Here, we introduce a strategy that integrates 3D electrode architectures with an artificial solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) using atomic layer deposition of a solid electrolyte (Li₃BO₃-Li₂CO₃). These synergistic modifications enhance both mass transport and interfacial kinetics under low temperatures and fast charging, increasing the accessible capacity of thick electrodes (>3 mAh/cm²). To decouple the contributions from electrolyte transport and interfacial impedance, graphite/Li_xNi_yMn_zCo_aO (NMC) pouch cells were fabricated and their electrochemical performances were tested under low-temperature, fast-charging conditions. At a 6C-rate and a temperature of −10°C, these integrated electrodes enabled a >500% increase in accessible capacity and >97% capacity retention after 100 cycles, without Li plating. The capacity retention under low-temperature, fast-charging conditions was also dependent on the state-of-charge swing, highlighting the importance of the charging protocol to minimize Li plating.