小さな変化で農業用水を大きく節約できる(Small changes can yield big savings in agricultural water use)

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2024-03-25 カリフォルニア大学サンタバーバラ校(UCSB)

カリフォルニアは農業大国であり、2022年には590億ドルもの農産物が販売された。しかし、気候変動や過剰なくみ上げなどの影響で、農業には大きな変化が必要とされる。UCサンタバーバラの研究では、農業の水利用効率を向上させることで、作物の水消費量を大幅に削減できる可能性が示唆されている。これにより、作物の品質や収量を犠牲にせずに、水資源の持続可能な管理が実現できるかもしれない。

<関連情報>

圃場規模での農作物水消費量推定により、カリフォルニア農業における節水の可能性が明らかになる Field-scale crop water consumption estimates reveal potential water savings in California agriculture

Anna Boser,Kelly Caylor,Ashley Larsen,Madeleine Pascolini-Campbell,John T. Reager & Tamma Carleton
Metrics  Published:25 March 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46031-2

小さな変化で農業用水を大きく節約できる(Small changes can yield big savings in agricultural water use)

Abstract

Efficiently managing agricultural irrigation is vital for food security today and into the future under climate change. Yet, evaluating agriculture’s hydrological impacts and strategies to reduce them remains challenging due to a lack of field-scale data on crop water consumption. Here, we develop a method to fill this gap using remote sensing and machine learning, and leverage it to assess water saving strategies in California’s Central Valley. We find that switching to lower water intensity crops can reduce consumption by up to 93%, but this requires adopting uncommon crop types. Northern counties have substantially lower irrigation efficiencies than southern counties, suggesting another potential source of water savings. Other practices that do not alter land cover can save up to 11% of water consumption. These results reveal diverse approaches for achieving sustainable water use, emphasizing the potential of sub-field scale crop water consumption maps to guide water management in California and beyond.

1200農業一般
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