2024-08-07 インペリアル・カレッジ・ロンドン(ICL)
＜関連情報＞
- https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/255315/study-planet-warming-contrails-spanner-works-aviation/
- https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ad5b78
より燃費の良い航空機から衛星で検出可能な飛行機雲の寿命が長くなる運用上の違い Operational differences lead to longer lifetimes of satellite detectable contrails from more fuel efficient aircraft
Edward Gryspeerdt, Marc E J Stettler, Roger Teoh, Ulrike Burkhardt, Toni Delovski, Oliver G A Driver and David Painemal
Environmental Research Letters Published: 7 August 2024
DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/ad5b78
Abstract
Clouds produced by aircraft (known as contrails) contribute over half of the positive radiative forcing from aviation, but the size of this warming effect is highly uncertain. Their radiative effect is highly dependent on the microphysical properties and meteorological background state, varying strongly over the contrail lifecycle. In-situ observations have demonstrated an impact of aircraft and fuel type on contrail properties close to the aircraft, but there are few observational constraints at these longer timescales, despite these having a strong impact in high-resolution and global models. This work provides an observational quantification of these contrail controlling factors, matching air traffic data to satellite observations of contrails to isolate the role of the aircraft type in contrail properties and evolution. Investigating over 64 000 cases, a relationship between aircraft type and contrail formation is observed, with more efficient aircraft forming longer-lived satellite-detectable contrails more frequently, which could lead to a larger climate impact. This increase in contrail formation and lifetime is primarily driven by an increase in flight altitude. Business jets are also found to produce longer-lived satellite-detectable contrails despite their lower fuel flow, as they fly at higher altitudes. The increase in satellite-detected contrails behind more efficient aircraft suggests a trade-off between aircraft greenhouse gas emissions and the aviation climate impact through contrail production, due to differences in aircraft operation.
