既存の河川モニタリング地点は太平洋岸北西部の山火事地域と一致していない(Existing Stream Monitoring Locations Not Aligned with Pacific Northwest Wildfires)

2026-09-30 パシフィック・ノースウェスト国立研究所(PNNL)

米国太平洋岸北西部の森林流域を対象に、2015~2025年の研究論文と河川モニタリング記録を統合し、山火事後の河川環境変化と観測体制の空白を分析した。PNNLなどの研究チームは、オレゴン州・ワシントン州では流量や水温、濁度、電気伝導度、溶存酸素、pHなどの観測地点が多数存在する一方、実際に山火事が発生する地域と長期的な水質観測地点が十分に一致していないことを明らかにした。特に溶存酸素とpHのデータが不足し、金属の移動、栄養塩の急激な流入、有機物、河川生態系への影響についても知見が限られている。山火事後には流出量が増加し蒸発散が低下する傾向が確認され、硝酸塩などの増加も報告された。今後は、降雨・流出イベントと化学物質の流入、生物影響を結び付けた観測体制の構築が必要とされる。

既存の河川モニタリング地点は太平洋岸北西部の山火事地域と一致していない(Existing Stream Monitoring Locations Not Aligned with Pacific Northwest Wildfires)
Fire perimeters for more than 200 large fires since 2020 and the topography of this fire-prone region of the United States. The study showed strong mismatches between where fires occur and where stream water quality data are monitored, guiding follow-on work.  (Source: Wall et al. [2026])

<関連情報>

米国太平洋岸北西部における山火事後の水質と水生生態系の反応:科学とモニタリングのギャップ Post-wildfire water quality and aquatic ecosystem response in the U.S. Pacific Northwest: science and monitoring gaps

Sara Wall, Jana E Compton, Ashley A Coble, Beth M Haley, Jiajia Lin, Allison Myers-Pigg, Justin Reale, Katie Wampler, Allison Swartz, Kevan Moffett,…
Environmental Research: Water  Published: 10 February 2026
DOI:10.1088/3033-4942/ae36cb

Abstract

An increase in the occurrence of large, high severity wildfires in the western Pacific Northwest (PNW), USA, has created an urgent need for science to better inform forest management and policy decisions to maintain source water quality in the region. The western PNW faces similar challenges to other regions with shifting wildfire regimes and large population centers reliant on surface water from forested catchments. However, the uniquely wet and highly seasonal climate of the western PNW suggests that findings from other, more frequently burned regions may not be directly applicable. To identify science, monitoring, and management gaps and opportunities in the western PNW, this review was collaboratively undertaken by academics, non-government and industry representatives, and local, state, and federal government entities who have been working together since the 2020 Labor Day fires in Oregon. Focusing on Oregon and Washington, we found that monitoring networks for continuous water quantity and quality cover much of the state with greater representation in western U.S. ecoregions, but few studies have analyzed and published these data to capture and communicate the post-wildfire response. Approximately half of the streamgages in Oregon and Washington record major water quality parameters, and hundreds of sites in the area have discrete sampling for a wide range of water quality constituents. Still, numerous gaps exist in understanding the short- and long-term impacts of wildfire on hydrology, water chemistry, including pH and dissolved oxygen, mobilization of metals, aquatic ecosystems, and downstream drinking water treatment. Collective action to further collect, analyze, interpret, and publish the key data could help improve our understanding of post-wildfire water quality impacts in this and other increasingly wildfire-affected regions.

1902環境測定
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