中電圧遮断器が電力供給の効率化とコスト削減を実現(Medium-voltage circuit breaker unlocks electricity abundance, savings)

2025-08-04 オークリッジ国立研究所(ORNL)

ORNL(オークリッジ国立研究所)は、低コストで超高速応答可能な中電圧直流(DC)用遮断器を開発した。従来の機械式遮断器は直流遮断が遅く、火災や機器損傷の危険があったが、本技術は安価で信頼性の高い半導体サイリスタを用い、外部回路で強制的に電流を遮断する方式を採用。プロトタイプは1,400Vを50マイクロ秒以内に遮断し、従来比4〜6倍の高速化を達成。遮断器を直列接続することで1,800Vまで対応し、将来的には10,000Vへの拡張を目指す。送配電網の信頼性向上や再エネ・AIデータセンターへの応用が期待され、送電ロスやコスト削減にも寄与する可能性がある。

中電圧遮断器が電力供給の効率化とコスト削減を実現(Medium-voltage circuit breaker unlocks electricity abundance, savings)
Prasad Kandula and Marcio Magri Kimpara set up testing of ORNL-developed medium-voltage circuit breakers that use affordable semiconductors to protect grid systems that use direct current. Credit: Carlos Jones/ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy

<関連情報>

SCRベースの中電圧DCソリッドステート回路遮断器 CR-based Medium Voltage DC Solid-State Circuit Breaker

Rajendra P. Kandula; Marcio L. Magri Kimpara
2024 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition   Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 10 February 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE55643.2024.10860928

Abstract

This paper describes a medium voltage solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) based on SCR technology, featuring short fault-interruption time and a minimal turn-off auxiliary circuit. The SSCB design incorporates a specialized SCR and a commutation circuit designed with an objective to reduce the required SCR hold-off/turn-off time, tq, which primarily determines the fault interruption duration. To validate the design, simulation analysis is presented, and a 1.5 kV 300 A SSCB prototype has been built and tested. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed design philosophy demonstrating the SSCB’s ability to interrupt a 200 A load current in less than 50 μs. The proposed SCR-based SSCB has been developed for DC applications but is equally applicable to AC applications.

0401発送配変電
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