2025-01-24 ペンシルベニア州立大学(PennState)
<関連情報>
- https://www.psu.edu/news/agricultural-sciences/story/harnessing-mushroom-microbiomes-better-crop-development
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878614624001405
- https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.01978-23
ボタンマッシュルームのケーシングを操作すると、斑点病と青カビ病の発病動態に影響する Manipulating button mushroom casing affects the disease dynamics of blotch and green mold disease
Eoin O’Connor, Fabricio Rocha Vieira, Isako Di Tomassi, Rachel Richardson, Kevin L. Hockett, Carolee T. Bull, John A. Pecchia
Fungal Biology Available online: 5 November 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2024.11.001
Highlights
- Passaged casing promotes early mushroom pinning.
- Asymptomatic mushroom yield is significantly higher in Pseudomonas tolaasii-inoculated passaged casing versus the standard.
- Disease severity of bacterial blotch is significantly suppressed in mushrooms harvested from passaged casing.
- Passaged casing has a conducive effect on green mold disease expression when inoculated with Trichoderma aggressivum.
Abstract
Productive cultivation of the button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) relies on the use of selective substrates and effective disease management. In extending our previous work on manipulating the developmental microbiome (devome), this study employs the strategy of substrate passaging to explore its effects on crop outcomes and disease dynamics. Here we subjected the casing substrate to ten cycles of passaging. This manipulated substrate stimulated early pinning (primordia formation) by at least three days. Passaged casing also altered disease dynamics when challenged with two commercially important A. bisporus pathogens, Pseudomonas tolaasii (causing bacterial blotch) and Trichoderma aggressivum f. aggressivum (responsible for green mold). Passaged casing had a suppressive effect on blotch disease and a conducive effect on green mold disease. Blotch suppression resulted in a significantly higher yield of asymptomatic mushrooms in all three mushroom harvests (flushes) and in the overall crop yield. Blotch severity was also significantly reduced in passaged casing compared to standard casing due to a lower yield of mushrooms with the highest degree of blotch disease expression. Green mold disease expression was markedly higher in passaged casing, leading to lower numbers of asymptomatic mushrooms. Zones where no growth of hyphae or mushrooms were also observed in passaged casing due to green mold disease pressure. The stimulating effect of passaged casing on mushroom development and the dynamic outcomes for disease challenge from two distinct, commercially damaging diseases, demonstrates the potential for passaged casing to be used as material to study more sustainable mushroom production and disease management practices.
複雑な基質における微生物群集の継代によってヒラタケの発生パターンを操作する Manipulating Agaricus bisporus developmental patterns by passaging microbial communities in complex substrates
Fabricio Rocha Vieira, Isako Di Tomassi, Eoin O’Connor, Carolee T. Bull, John A. Pecchia, Kevin L. Hockett
Microbiology Spectrum Published:13 October 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01978-23
ABSTRACT
There is growing interest in microbiome-based management approaches for plant and animal health and sustainable agricultural practices. To our knowledge, there are no descriptions of Agaricus bisporus mushroom developmental patterns using such an approach. Here, we utilized substrate passaging to select for devomes (developmental microbiomes) in either compost or casing material that resulted in earlier developing (best performing experimental units with a higher number of primordia at day 10 of cultivation) mushrooms compared to unpassaged controls. Passaged casing showed earlier pinning (fruiting body formation), while passaged compost delayed fruiting body formation. Despite changes in pin emergence for passaged substrates and higher mushroom yield in the passaged casing’s first harvest, the total mushroom yield in 24 days of crop cycle did not change significantly. The bacterial communities were distinct between compost and casing materials, but in both microenvironments, the alpha diversity tended to increase and stabilize over time in standard and passaged substrates. Community composition within compost and casing microenvironments tended to be more homogenous after colonization of the fungus. Passaging of casing increased the bacterial alpha diversity and shifted community composition. Such changes were not observed in passaged compost. Some bacterial taxa were enriched or depleted by passaging, e.g., Pseudomonas spp. (hypothesized as a stimulus to A. bisporus fructification) were depleted in passaged compost and casing. Overall, this work presents an experimental approach to manipulate compost and casing microbial communities with the potential to be combined with currently employed cultivation strategies toward a more sustainable mushroom cultivation system.
