2024-12-16 カリフォルニア大学バークレー校(UCB)
<関連情報>
- https://news.berkeley.edu/2024/12/16/what-a-century-old-grapevine-reveals-about-a-disease-that-plagues-wine-country/
- https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(24)01570-7
100年前の標本から、アメリカ大陸で発生したブドウの木のピアス病についての洞察が得られる Century-old herbarium specimen provides insights into Pierce’s disease of grapevines emergence in the Americas
Monica A. Donegan∙ Alexandra K. Kahn∙ Nathalie Becker∙ … ∙ Martial Briand ∙ Rodrigo P.P. Almeida∙ Adrien Rieux
Current Biology Published:December 16, 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.11.029
Graphical abstract
Highlights
•The pathogen X. fastidiosa was recovered from a 1906 grapevine herbarium sample
•Deep sequencing enabled the de novo assembly of a high-quality aDNA pathogen genome
•The PD-causing pathogen was likely introduced multiple times into California
•Time calibration pushed back the date of introduction to the US to 1734–1741 CE
Summary
Fossils and other preserved specimens are integral for informing timing and evolutionary history in every biological system. By isolating a plant pathogen genome from herbarium-preserved diseased grapevine material from 1906 (Herb_1906), we were able to answer questions about an enigmatic system. The emergence of Pierce’s disease (PD) of grapevine has shaped viticultural production in North America; yet, there are uncertainties about the geographic origin of the pathogen (Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa, Xff) and the timing and route of its introduction. We produced a high-quality, de novo genome assembly of this historical plant pathogen and confirmed degradation patterns unique to ancient DNA. Due to the inclusion of the Herb_1906 sample, we were able to generate a significant temporal signal in the genomic data. This allowed us to build a time-calibrated phylogeny, where we estimate the introduction of Xff into the US between 1734 and 1741 CE, an earlier time frame than previously inferred. In a large collection of >300 Xff genomes, the Herb_1906 sample was genetically most similar to a small population from Northern California but not basal to the entire Xff California clade. Based on phylogenetic placement and a phylogeographic reconstruction, our data support a single introduction of Xff into the Southeastern US from Central America, with multiple subsequent introductions into California.
