2026-11-05 東京大学
雲粒の確率的な成長を量子計算で扱う概念図
雲粒の衝突・併合によって変化する雲粒分布の確率を、量子ビットを用いて表現し、量子ゲートを組み合わせた量子回路（右・模式図）を用いて計算する。
＜関連情報＞
- https://www.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ja/press/11284/
- https://journals.aps.org/prapplied/abstract/10.1103/ffxz-ttw7
雲粒の衝突・合体に関する量子アルゴリズム Quantum algorithm for the collision-coalescence of cloud droplets
Kazumasa Ueno and Hiroaki Miura
Physical Review Applied Published 3 November, 2026
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/ffxz-ttw7
Abstract
Quantum computing may help reduce computational costs of simulating large and nonlinear systems, but research into the use of quantum computers in atmospheric and oceanic sciences is still at an early stage. This study explores the use of quantum computing for calculating the collision-coalescence process that dominates the size growth of liquid particles in cloud microphysics. Inspired by the quantum algorithms developed in the field of financial engineering, we propose an algorithm based on a master equation that describes the time evolution of the droplet mass distribution. Our algorithm uses the quantum amplitudes to encode the probability distribution of droplet mass and calculates the expected number of droplets via the quantum amplitude estimation. The key contribution is an encoding strategy that maps the multivariate collision-coalescence problem onto a quantum computation by recording only the transition history rather than the full mass distributions at every time step. This approach reduces the per-step qubit cost from (√) to (log), where is the number of mass bins. Our resource analysis shows that the number of T-gates (T-count) scales as ˜(2) per mass bin in , for a fixed number of time steps and a given target accuracy, where the ˜ notation suppresses polylogarithmic factors in . This is a substantial improvement over classical master-equation methods, whose cost grows superpolynomially with as the number of possible states increases. Our results suggest that the collision-coalescence process is one of the promising targets of quantum computing in the field of atmospheric science.
