都市部や農村部における気候レジリエンス戦略が明らかになった(Study led by ORNL informs climate resilience strategies in urban, rural areas)

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2024-05-08 オークリッジ国立研究所(ORNL)

オークリッジ国立研究所の科学者たちは、都市部と農村部での植生の耐熱性に関する全国的な研究を行いました。この研究では、植生が極端な熱波にどれだけ耐えられるか、そして都市熱島の効果を減らす方法についての洞察を提供しています。研究は、植物が水を吸収し蒸散する過程を通じて、どのように冷却効果をもたらすかを示しています。このデータは、都市計画者が地元環境での植物選択や都市設計の改善を導くのに役立ちます。また、植生の保存と強化が都市の持続可能性や空気質の向上、住民の福祉に大きく貢献することを示唆しています。

<関連情報>

熱、水、土地被覆の要因によって、都市と農村の植生が極端な高温期に対して対照的な回復力を示した Thermal, water, and land cover factors led to contrasting urban and rural vegetation resilience to extreme hot months

Yaoping Wang, Jiafu Mao, Christa M Brelsford, Daniel M Ricciuto, Fengming Yuan, Xiaoying Shi, Deeksha Rastogi, Melanie M Mayes, Shih-Chieh Kao, Jeffrey M Warren …
PNAS Nexus  Published:15 April 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae147

都市部や農村部における気候レジリエンス戦略が明らかになった(Study led by ORNL informs climate resilience strategies in urban, rural areas)

Abstract

With continuing global warming and urbanization, it is increasingly important to understand the resilience of urban vegetation to extreme high temperatures, but few studies have examined urban vegetation at large scale or both concurrent and delayed responses. In this study, we performed an urban–rural comparison using the Enhanced Vegetation Index and months that exceed the historical 90th percentile in mean temperature (referred to as “hot months”) across 85 major cities in the contiguous United States. We found that hot months initially enhanced vegetation greenness but could cause a decline afterwards, especially for persistent (≥4 months) and intense (≥+2 °C) episodes in summer. The urban responses were more positive than rural in the western United States or in winter, but more negative during spring–autumn in the eastern United States. The east–west difference can be attributed to the higher optimal growth temperatures and lower water stress levels of the western urban vegetation than the rural. The urban responses also had smaller magnitudes than the rural responses, especially in deciduous forest biomes, and least in evergreen forest biomes. Within each biome, analysis at 1 km pixel level showed that impervious fraction and vegetation cover, local urban heat island intensity, and water stress were the key drivers of urban–rural differences. These findings advance our understanding of how prolonged exposure to warm extremes, particularly within urban environments, affects vegetation greenness and vitality. Urban planners and ecosystem managers should prioritize the long and intense events and the key drivers in fostering urban vegetation resilience to heat waves.

1702地球物理及び地球化学
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