2024-01-16 米国国立標準技術研究所(NIST)
◆国際海洋探査プログラム（IODP）のExpedition 398で行われたプロジェクトにより、アエゲ海のサントリーニ周辺で過去の火山活動の歴史が明らかにされ、過去には知られていなかった約10倍もの噴火が特定されました。
◆研究者は、過去の火山活動を理解し、将来の大噴火の可能性を評価するために、地中海東部の地下での爆発的な噴火の痕跡を解明することが重要であると指摘しています。
＜関連情報＞
- https://news.berkeley.edu/2024/01/16/historic-santorini-eruption-pales-in-comparison-to-ancient-blowout
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-023-01171-z
沖合の巨大軽石堆積物は、先祖サントリーニ島の浅い海底爆発的噴火を記録している Giant offshore pumice deposit records a shallow submarine explosive eruption of ancestral Santorini
Tim Druitt,Steffen Kutterolf,Thomas A. Ronge,Christian Hübscher,Paraskevi Nomikou,Jonas Preine,Ralf Gertisser,Jens Karstens,Jörg Keller,Olga Koukousioura,Michael Manga,Abigail Metcalfe,Molly McCanta,Iona McIntosh,Katharina Pank,Adam Woodhouse,Sarah Beethe,Carole Berthod,Shun Chiyonobu,Hehe Chen,Acacia Clark,Susan DeBari,Raymond Johnston,Ally Peccia,Yuzuru Yamamoto,Alexis Bernard,Tatiana Fernandez Perez,Christopher Jones,Kumar Batuk Joshi,Günther Kletetschka,Xiaohui Li,Antony Morris,Paraskevi Polymenakou,Masako Tominaga,Dimitrios Papanikolaou,Kuo-Lung Wang & Hao-Yang Lee
Communications Earth & Environment Published:15 January 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-01171-z
Abstract
Large explosive volcanic eruptions from island arcs pour pyroclastic currents into marine basins, impacting ecosystems and generating tsunamis that threaten coastal communities and infrastructures. Risk assessments require robust records of such highly hazardous events, which is challenging as most of the products lie buried under the sea. Here we report the discovery by IODP Expedition 398 of a giant rhyolitic pumice deposit emplaced 520 ± 10 ky ago at water depths of 200 to 1000 m during a high-intensity, shallow submarine eruption of ancestral Santorini Volcano. Pyroclastic currents discharged into the sea transformed into turbidity currents and slurries, forming a >89 ± 8 km3 volcaniclastic megaturbidite up to 150 m thick in the surrounding marine basins, while breaching of the sea surface by the eruption column laid down veneers of ignimbrite on three islands. The eruption is one of the largest recorded on the South Aegean Volcanic Arc, and highlights the hazards from submarine explosive eruptions.
