EVのバッテリーをわずか10分で充電する新技術を研究者が開発。 Researchers develop new technique that charges EV battery in just 10 minutes
2022-10-12 ペンシルベニア州立大学(PennState)
この急速充電技術は、ほとんどのエネルギー密度の高いバッテリーに対応しており、ドライバーに航続距離の不安を与えることなく、電気自動車のバッテリーを150kWhから50kWhに小型化する新しい可能性を開く。
研究チームは、電池の内部から温度を調節することにした。研究チームは、負極、電解質、正極のほかに、極薄のニッケル箔を4番目の部品として加えた新しい電池構造を開発した。ニッケル箔が刺激となって電池の温度と反応性を自己制御することで、あらゆる電気自動車の電池で10分の急速充電が可能になる。
＜関連情報＞
- https://www.psu.edu/news/research/story/battery-tech-breakthrough-paves-way-mass-adoption-affordable-electric-car/
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05281-0
エネルギー密度の高いリチウムイオン電池の急速充電対応 Fast charging of energy-dense lithium-ion batteries
Chao-Yang Wang,Teng Liu,Xiao-Guang Yang,Shanhai Ge,Nathaniel V. Stanley,Eric S. Rountree,Yongjun Leng & Brian D. McCarthy
Nature Published:12 October 2022
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05281-0
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries with nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes and graphite anodes have reached specific energies of 250–300 Wh kg−1 (refs. 1,2), and it is now possible to build a 90 kWh electric vehicle (EV) pack with a 300-mile cruise range. Unfortunately, using such massive batteries to alleviate range anxiety is ineffective for mainstream EV adoption owing to the limited raw resource supply and prohibitively high cost. Ten-minute fast charging enables downsizing of EV batteries for both affordability and sustainability, without causing range anxiety. However, fast charging of energy-dense batteries (more than 250 Wh kg−1 or higher than 4 mAh cm−2) remains a great challenge3,4. Here we combine a material-agnostic approach based on asymmetric temperature modulation with a thermally stable dual-salt electrolyte to achieve charging of a 265 Wh kg−1 battery to 75% (or 70%) state of charge in 12 (or 11) minutes for more than 900 (or 2,000) cycles. This is equivalent to a half million mile range in which every charge is a fast charge. Further, we build a digital twin of such a battery pack to assess its cooling and safety and demonstrate that thermally modulated 4C charging only requires air convection. This offers a compact and intrinsically safe route to cell-to-pack development. The rapid thermal modulation method to yield highly active electrochemical interfaces only during fast charging has important potential to realize both stability and fast charging of next-generation materials, including anodes like silicon and lithium metal.
