鳥の秘密:安定した滑空と不安定な滑空を素早く切り替えることが、鳥の俊敏な飛行の秘訣(Avian secret: The key to agile bird flight is switching quickly between stable and unstable gliding)

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この発見は、将来の自律型無人航空機に影響を与える可能性がある。 The finding could have implications for future agile autonomous aerial vehicles

2022-03-09 ミシガン大学

これまで鳥の飛行では、不安定な滑空が機敏さを生み出すと考えられていたが、ミシガン大学の航空宇宙工学者とブリティッシュ・コロンビア大学の生物学者との共同研究により、安定性が重要な役割を果たしていることが明らかになった。
Birds included in the study were modeled as a composite of 232 simple geometric shapes to identify stable and unstable wing configurations. The study showed that rather than evolving toward instability for increased maneuverability, bird agility comes from the ability to switch quickly between stable and unstable gliding. Image credit: Christina Harvey

<関連情報>

Avian secret: The key to agile bird flight is switching quickly between stable and unstable gliding
While it had been assumed that unstable gliding was the key to agility in bird flight, a collaboration between aerospace...
Birds can transition between stable and unstable states via wing morphing - Nature
Analysis of inertial characteristics across 22 bird species shows that evolution has selected for avian manoeuvrability ...

鳥類は翼の変形によって安定状態と不安定状態を移行することができる Birds can transition between stable and unstable states via wing morphing

C. Harvey, V. B. Baliga, J. C. M. Wong, D. L. Altshuler & D. J. Inman

(DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04477-8)

Abstract

Birds morph their wing shape to accomplish extraordinary manoeuvres1,2,3,4, which are governed by avian-specific equations of motion. Solving these equations requires information about a bird’s aerodynamic and inertial characteristics5. Avian flight research to date has focused on resolving aerodynamic features, whereas inertial properties including centre of gravity and moment of inertia are seldom addressed. Here we use an analytical method to determine the inertial characteristics of 22 species across the full range of elbow and wrist flexion and extension. We find that wing morphing allows birds to substantially change their roll and yaw inertia but has a minimal effect on the position of the centre of gravity. With the addition of inertial characteristics, we derived a novel metric of pitch agility and estimated the static pitch stability, revealing that the agility and static margin ranges are reduced as body mass increases. These results provide quantitative evidence that evolution selects for both stable and unstable flight, in contrast to the prevailing narrative that birds are evolving away from stability6. This comprehensive analysis of avian inertial characteristics provides the key features required to establish a theoretical model of avian manoeuvrability.

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