船舶の排気ガスで危機に瀕する海洋環境(Marine environment at risk due to ship emissions)

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2023-06-13 チャルマース工科大学

◆伝統的な船舶からの環境リスク評価(ERA)は、一つの排出源のみを考慮してきましたが、船舶の排出物は複数存在します。スクラバー排水と防汚塗料からの排出物が特に環境リスクに貢献しており、港の累積的な環境リスクは許容リスクの5倍から13倍に達しています。
◆スクラバーは硫黄などの有害物質を除去するための装置であり、水環境への放出によるリスクが問題となっています。研究者は、環境リスク評価のモデルを改善する必要性を指摘しています。

<関連情報>

港湾における船舶活動から発生する金属と多環芳香族炭化水素の累積的環境リスク評価 Cumulative environmental risk assessment of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from ship activities in ports

Anna Lunde Hermansson, Ida-Maja Hassellöv, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Erik Ytreberg
Marine Pollution Bulletin  Available online: 15 March 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114805

Fig. 1

 

Highlights

•Metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from ships result in unacceptable risk.
•Antifouling and scrubbers are the main contributors to the cumulative risk in ports.
•Current risk assessment of scrubbers is not providing adequate protection.
•Stricter regulations on ship-activities would reduce contaminant load in ports.

Abstract

Marine environmental risk assessments rarely consider the cumulative risk from multiple contaminants and sources. Ships give rise to a range of contaminants, originating from different onboard sources, resulting in contaminant loads to the marine environment. Here, the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM), in combination with the hydrodynamic and chemical fate model MAMPEC, was used to calculate loads and predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in four ports. PECs were compared to the predicted no effect concentrations (PNEC) to assess environmental risk from the different onboard sources, both separately and cumulatively. The results show that three out of four ports were subject to unacceptable risk. This study highlights the importance of accounting for multiple contaminant sources when assessing the marine environmental risks of shipping and challenges the suitability of the proposed new international guidelines on how to assess risk of scrubber water discharge.

0200船舶・海洋一般
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