2025-06-12 イリノイ大学アーバナ・シャンペーン校
An overhead dolly mounted above experimental fields, top, contains sensors, including hyperspectral imagers, light detecting and ranging (lidar), thermal photography and RGB photographic sensors. Bottom, an aerial view of the Realizing Increased Photosynthesis Efficiency Aerial Plant Phenotyping System where the dolly is held between four, 150-foot-tall poles at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.
Top photo by Fred Zwicky, bottom photo courtesy the RIPE project/Darrell Hoemann
＜関連情報＞
- https://aces.illinois.edu/news/review-heat-resilient-crops-are-within-reach-given-enough-time-and-money
- https://news.illinois.edu/review-heat-resilient-crops-are-within-reach-given-enough-time-and-money/
- https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adv5413
急速に温暖化する世界で作物の光合成を守る Safeguarding crop photosynthesis in a rapidly warming world
Carl J. Bernacchi, Stephen P. Long, and Donald R. Ort
Science Published:12 Jun 2025
Abstract
Continued greenhouse gas emissions will accelerate global warming and intensity of heat waves, which already harm crop productivity. From the stability of key enzymes to canopy processes, photosynthesis is affected by temperature. All crops suffer declines in photosynthetic rate when temperatures cross critical thresholds, with irreversible losses typically occurring above 40° to 45°C. Protective measures within plants can be induced by growth at elevated temperatures but not from the sudden temperature elevation of heat waves. Strategies to improve the heat resilience of photosynthesis include modifying surface energy balance, optimizing canopy architecture, improving enzymatic heat tolerance, and (re)engineering key metabolic pathways for greater efficiency or to remove bottlenecks. This Review summarizes present knowledge on the major mechanisms that underlie high-temperature inhibition of photosynthesis and explores opportunities for breeding and biotechnological interventions to overcome them.
