新理論が幅広い相転移の探索に役立つ(New theory helps explore a wider range of phase transitions)

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2024-06-18 ロスアラモス国立研究所(LANL)

ロスアラモス国立研究所の研究者が、さまざまな相転移における欠陥密度を予測する新しい理論を発表しました。この研究は、物質科学、高エネルギー物理学、宇宙論などの分野で欠陥形成の探求に新たな道を開きます。第一および第二種相転移の理論に基づき、Kibble-Zurek機構を核生成理論と統合することで、第一種および第二種相転移の特性を持つ「調整可能な」相転移における欠陥密度を予測できるようになりました。この理論は、液晶のフレデリックス相転移などで試験可能です。

<関連情報>

秩序が調整可能な相転移におけるトポロジカル欠陥形成 Topological Defect Formation in a Phase Transition with Tunable Order

Fumika Suzuki and Wojciech H. Zurek
Physical Review Letters  Published 11 June 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.241601

新理論が幅広い相転移の探索に役立つ(New theory helps explore a wider range of phase transitions)

ABSTRACT

The Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) describes the nonequilibrium dynamics and topological defect formation in systems undergoing second-order phase transitions. KZM has found applications in fields such as cosmology and condensed matter physics. However, it is generally not suitable for describing first-order phase transitions. It has been demonstrated that transitions in systems like superconductors or charged superfluids, typically classified as second order, can exhibit weakly first-order characteristics when the influence of fluctuations is taken into account. Moreover, the order of the phase transition (i.e., the extent to which it becomes first rather than second order) can be tuned. We explore quench-induced formation of topological defects in such tunable phase transitions and propose that their density can be predicted by combining KZM with nucleation theory.

1701物理及び化学
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