2023-12-01 ノースカロライナ州立大学(NCState)
◆研究者たちは、従来の「トロリー問題」に代わり、自動車運転における現実的な道徳的決定を理解するための新しい実験を行いました。この実験では、低リスクな交通状況での人々の道徳的な判断に関するデータを収集し、それを元に自動車のAIアルゴリズムを開発することを目指しています。従来の「トロリー問題」が極端な生死の選択に焦点を当てていたのに対し、日常的な選択肢に焦点を当て、例えば速度超過や信号無視などの実際の道徳的ジレンマを取り上げています。これにより、現実の運転状況における道徳的判断のデータが得られ、自動車のAIが実用的で倫理的な意思決定を行う手助けとなることが期待されています。
＜関連情報＞
- https://news.ncsu.edu/2023/12/ditching-the-trolley-problem/
- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00146-023-01813-y
現実的な交通シナリオにおける道徳的判断：トロッコのパラダイムを超えて自律走行車の倫理を考える Moral judgment in realistic traffic scenarios: moving beyond the trolley paradigm for ethics of autonomous vehicles
Dario Cecchini,Sean Brantley & Veljko Dubljević
AI & Society: Knowledge, Culture and Communication Published: 29 November 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-023-01813-y
Abstract
The imminent deployment of autonomous vehicles requires algorithms capable of making moral decisions in relevant traffic situations. Some scholars in the ethics of autonomous vehicles hope to align such intelligent systems with human moral judgment. For this purpose, studies like the Moral Machine Experiment have collected data about human decision-making in trolley-like traffic dilemmas. This paper first argues that the trolley dilemma is an inadequate experimental paradigm for investigating traffic moral judgments because it does not include agents’ character-based considerations and is incapable of facilitating the investigation of low-stakes mundane traffic scenarios. In light of the limitations of the trolley paradigm, this paper presents an alternative experimental framework that addresses these issues. The proposed solution combines the creation of mundane traffic moral scenarios using virtual reality and the Agent-Deed-Consequences (ADC) model of moral judgment as a moral-psychological framework. This paradigm shift potentially increases the ecological validity of future studies by providing more realism and incorporating character considerations into traffic actions.
