餓えた質量モンスター:宇宙初期の銀河の中心にあるブラックホールは、予想よりも質量の流入が少なかった(Starving mass monster:Black hole at the centre of a galaxy in the early universe received less mass influx than expected)

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2024-01-29 マックス・プランク研究所

餓えた質量モンスター:宇宙初期の銀河の中心にあるブラックホールは、予想よりも質量の流入が少なかった(Starving mass monster:Black hole at the centre of a galaxy in the early universe received less mass influx than expected)
Cosmic powerhouse: Artist’s impression of a quasar whose core region was literally set in motion in the early universe. While galaxies often merged with each other at that time, large amounts of matter were thrown into the centres of the galaxies. When matter orbits the supermassive black hole in the centre of a galaxy, energy is released, which explains the enormous brightness of an active galaxy. The quasar can therefore still be observed from a great distance today.
© ESO / M. Kornmesser

◆GRAVITY装置を搭載したヨーロッパ南天天文台のVery Large Telescope Interferometerを使用して、ドイツのマックス・プランク宇宙物理学研究所のチームが、ビッグバン後20億年の銀河内のブラックホールの質量を決定しました。このブラックホールは3億ソーラーマスで、宿主銀河の質量に比べて実際には過小評価されています。
◆研究者たちは、宿主銀河との関係を探る中で、超大質量ブラックホールと銀河が共進化する可能性があることに気付いています。GRAVITY+は、初期宇宙のブラックホール成長を精密に研究する新しい手法を提供し、ブラックホールと銀河が急速に成長した「宇宙の正午」と呼ばれる重要な時代に焦点を当てます。これにより、GRAVITY+はジェームズ・ウェッブ宇宙望遠鏡よりも40倍も鮮明な画像を取得でき、初期宇宙のブラックホールを観察する新たな革命をもたらします。

<関連情報>

110億年前のクェーサーにおけるブラックホール質量の力学的測定法 A dynamical measure of the black hole mass in a quasar 11 billion years ago

R. Abuter,F. Allouche,A. Amorim,C. Bailet,A. Berdeu,J.-P. Berger,P. Berio,A. Bigioli,O. Boebion,M.-L. Bolzer,H. Bonnet,G. Bourdarot,P. Bourget,W. Brandner,Y. Cao,R. Conzelmann,M. Comin,Y. Clénet,B. Courtney-Barrer,R. Davies,D. Defrère,A. Delboulbé,F. Delplancke-Ströbele,R. Dembet,… G. Zins
Nature  Published:29 January 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07053-4

We are providing an unedited version of this manuscript to give early access to its findings. Before final publication, the manuscript will undergo further editing. Please note there may be errors present which affect the content, and all legal disclaimers apply.

Abstract

Tight relationships exist in the local universe between the central stellar properties of galaxies and the mass of their supermassive black hole1,2,3. These suggest galaxies and black holes co-evolve, with the main regulation mechanism being energetic feedback from accretion onto the black hole during its quasar phase4,5,6. A crucial question is how the relationship between black holes and galaxies evolves with time; a key epoch to probe this relationship is at the peaks of star formation and black hole growth 8-12 billion years ago (redshifts 1-3)7. Here we report a dynamical measurement of the mass of the black hole in a luminous quasar at a redshift of 2, with a look back time of 11 billion years, by spatially resolving the broad line region. We detect a 40 micro-arcsecond (0.31 pc) spatial offset between the red and blue photocenters of the Hα line that traces the velocity gradient of a rotating broad line region. The flux and differential phase spectra are well reproduced by a thick, moderately inclined disk of gas clouds within the sphere of influence of a central black hole with a mass of 3.2×108 solar masses. Molecular gas data reveal a dynamical mass for the host galaxy of 6×1011 solar masses, which indicates an under-massive black hole accreting at a super-Eddington rate. This suggests a host galaxy that grew faster than the supermassive black hole, indicating a delay between galaxy and black hole formation for some systems.

1701物理及び化学
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