餓えた質量モンスター：宇宙初期の銀河の中心にあるブラックホールは、予想よりも質量の流入が少なかった(Starving mass monster：Black hole at the centre of a galaxy in the early universe received less mass influx than expected)

2024-01-29 マックス・プランク研究所

Cosmic powerhouse: Artist’s impression of a quasar whose core region was literally set in motion in the early universe. While galaxies often merged with each other at that time, large amounts of matter were thrown into the centres of the galaxies. When matter orbits the supermassive black hole in the centre of a galaxy, energy is released, which explains the enormous brightness of an active galaxy. The quasar can therefore still be observed from a great distance today.
© ESO / M. Kornmesser

＜関連情報＞

• https://www.mpg.de/21453661/0126-ext0-weighing-a-black-hole-in-the-early-universe-151510-x?c=2249
• https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07053-4

110億年前のクェーサーにおけるブラックホール質量の力学的測定法 A dynamical measure of the black hole mass in a quasar 11 billion years ago

R. Abuter,F. Allouche,A. Amorim,C. Bailet,A. Berdeu,J.-P. Berger,P. Berio,A. Bigioli,O. Boebion,M.-L. Bolzer,H. Bonnet,G. Bourdarot,P. Bourget,W. Brandner,Y. Cao,R. Conzelmann,M. Comin,Y. Clénet,B. Courtney-Barrer,R. Davies,D. Defrère,A. Delboulbé,F. Delplancke-Ströbele,R. Dembet,… G. Zins
Nature  Published:29 January 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07053-4

We are providing an unedited version of this manuscript to give early access to its findings. Before final publication, the manuscript will undergo further editing. Please note there may be errors present which affect the content, and all legal disclaimers apply.

Abstract

Tight relationships exist in the local universe between the central stellar properties of galaxies and the mass of their supermassive black hole^1,2,3. These suggest galaxies and black holes co-evolve, with the main regulation mechanism being energetic feedback from accretion onto the black hole during its quasar phase^4,5,6. A crucial question is how the relationship between black holes and galaxies evolves with time; a key epoch to probe this relationship is at the peaks of star formation and black hole growth 8-12 billion years ago (redshifts 1-3)⁷. Here we report a dynamical measurement of the mass of the black hole in a luminous quasar at a redshift of 2, with a look back time of 11 billion years, by spatially resolving the broad line region. We detect a 40 micro-arcsecond (0.31 pc) spatial offset between the red and blue photocenters of the Hα line that traces the velocity gradient of a rotating broad line region. The flux and differential phase spectra are well reproduced by a thick, moderately inclined disk of gas clouds within the sphere of influence of a central black hole with a mass of 3.2×10⁸ solar masses. Molecular gas data reveal a dynamical mass for the host galaxy of 6×10¹¹ solar masses, which indicates an under-massive black hole accreting at a super-Eddington rate. This suggests a host galaxy that grew faster than the supermassive black hole, indicating a delay between galaxy and black hole formation for some systems.