リチウムイオンバッテリーのクラックが電気自動車の充電を加速する(Cracking in lithium-ion batteries speeds up electric vehicle charging)

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2023-08-01 ミシガン大学

◆ミシガン大学の研究によれば、リチウムイオン電池の陽極に生じる亀裂は、電池の充電時間を短縮する効果があることが判明。
◆電気自動車メーカーの見解とは異なり、亀裂が電池の寿命を減少させるだけでなく、充電速度を向上させることが示された。これにより、電池粒子の充電速度がサイズに依存しないことがわかり、亀裂が陽極粒子内の活性表面を増加させ、迅速な充電を可能にすることが示唆された。

<関連情報>

個々の多結晶電池粒子におけるサイズに依存しないリチウム拡散と反応時間の直接測定 Direct measurements of size-independent lithium diffusion and reaction times in individual polycrystalline battery particles

Jinhong Min, Lindsay M. Gubow, Riley J. Hargrave, Jason B. Siegel  and  Yiyang Li
Energy & Environmental Science  Published27 Jul 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EE00953J

リチウムイオンバッテリーのクラックが電気自動車の充電を加速する(Cracking in lithium-ion batteries speeds up electric vehicle charging)

Abstract

Polycrystalline Li(Ni,Mn,Co)O2 (NMC) secondary particles are the most common cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. During electrochemical (dis)charge, lithium is believed to diffuse through the bulk and enter (leave) the secondary particle at the surface. Based on this model, smaller particles would cycle faster due to shorter diffusion lengths and larger surface-area-to-volume ratios. In this work, we evaluate this widespread assumption by developing a new high-throughput single-particle electrochemistry platform using the multi-electrode array from neuroscience. By measuring the reaction and diffusion times for 21 individual particles in liquid electrolytes, we find no correlation between the particle size and either the reaction or diffusion times, which is in stark contrast to the prevailing lithium transport model. We propose that electrochemical reactions occur inside secondary particles, likely due to electrolyte penetration into cracks. Our high-throughput, single-particle electrochemical platform further opens new frontiers for robust, statistical quantification of individual particles in electrochemical systems.

0402電気応用
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