2026-05-13 マックス・プランク研究所
Infographic explaining the astrophysical calibration as autotune for gravitational waves.© Graphics: Shanika Galaudage
＜関連情報＞
- https://www.mpg.de/26487953/gravitational-wave-detectors-can-now-autotune-their-signals
- https://journals.aps.org/prl/accepted/10.1103/gzrj-mwv3
GW240925およびGW250207：重力波検出器の天体物理学的較正 GW240925 and GW250207: Astrophysical calibration of gravitational wave detectors
A. G. Abac and I. Abouelfettouh and F. Acernese and K. Ackley and A. Adam and C. Adamcewicz and S. Adhicary and D. Adhikari and N. Adhikari and R. X. Adhikari and V. K. Adkins and S. Afroz and A. Agapito and D. Agarwal and M. Agathos and N. Aggarwal and S. Aggarwal and O. D. Aguiar and I. -L. Ahrend and L. Aiello and A. Ain and P. Ajith and T. Akutsu and S. Albanesi and L. Albers and W. Ali and S. Al-Kershi and C. Alléné and A. Allocca and S. Al-Shammari and P. A. Altin and S. Alvarez-Lopez and W. Amar and O. Amarasinghe and A. Amato and F. Amicucci and C. Amra and C. Anand and A. Ananyeva and S. B. Anderson and W. G. Anderson and M. Andia and M. Ando and M. Andrés-Carcasona and J. L. Andrey and T. Andrić and J. Anglin and J. Anna and S. Ansoldi and J. M. Antelis and S. Antier and M. Aoumi and E. Z. Appavuravther and S. Appert and S. K. Apple and K. Arai and A. Araya and M. C. Araya and M. Arca Sedda and F. Arciprete and J. S. Areeda and N. Aritomi and F. Armato and S. Armstrong and N. Arnaud and M. Arogeti and S. M. Aronson and K. G. Arun and G. Ashton and Y. Aso and L. Asprea and M. Assiduo and S. Assis de Souza Melo and S. M. Aston and P. Astone and F. Attadio and F. Aubin and K. AultONeal and G. Avallone and E. A. Avila and S. Babak and C. Badger and S. Bae and S. Bagnasco and L. Baiotti and R. Bajpai and T. Baka and K. A. Baker and T. Baker and G. Balbi and G. Baldi and N. Baldicchi and M. Ball and G. Ballardin and S. W. Ballmer and S. Banagiri and B. Banerjee and D. Bankar and T. M. Baptiste and P. Baral and M. Baratti and J. C. Barayoga and K. Baric and B. C. Barish and D. Barker and N. Barman and P. Barneo and F. Barone and B. Barr and M. Barrios and L. Barsotti and M. Barsuglia and D. Barta and M. A. Barton and I. Bartos and A. Basalaev and R. Bassiri and A. Basti and M. Bawaj and P. Baxi and J. C. Bayley and A. C. Baylor and P. A. Baynard II and M. Bazzan and V. M. Bedakihale and F. Beirnaert and M. Bejger and D. Belardinelli and A. S. Bell and C. Bellani and L. Bellizzi and D. Beltran-Martinez and W. Benoit and I. Bentara and M. Ben Yaala and S. Bera and F. Bergamin and B. K. Berger and S. Bernuzzi and M. Beroiz and C. P. L. Berry and I. Berry and D. Bersanetti and T. Bertheas and A. Bertolini and J. Betzwieser and D. Beveridge and G. Bevilacqua and N. Bevins and R. Bhandare and R. Bhatt and A. Bhattacharjee and D. Bhattacharjee and S. Bhattacharyya and S. Bhaumik and V. Biancalana and A. Bianchi and F. Bianchi and I. A. Bilenko and G. Billingsley and A. Binetti and S. Bini and C. Binu and S. Biot and O. Birnholtz and S. Biscoveanu and A. Bisht and M. Bitossi and M. -A. Bizouard and S. Blaber and J. K. Blackburn and L. A. Blagg and C. D. Blair and D. G. Blair and N. Bode and N. Boettner and P. Bogdan and G. Boileau and M. Boldrini and G. N. Bolingbroke and A. Bolliand and L. D. Bonavena and R. Bondarescu and F. Bondu and V. A. Bonhomme and E. Bonilla and M. S. Bonilla and A. Bonino and R. Bonnand and A. Borchers and N. Borghi and V. Boschi and S. Bose and V. Bossilkov and Y. Bothra and A. Boudon and M. Boyle and A. Bozzi and C. Bradaschia and M. J. Brady and P. R. Brady and A. Branch and M. Branchesi and T. Briant and A. Brillet and M. Brinkmann and P. Brockill and E. Brockmueller and A. F. Brooks and B. C. Brown and D. D. Brown and M. L. Brozzetti and S. Brunett and G. Bruno and R. Bruntz and J. Bryant and Y. Bu and F. Bucci and J. Buchanan and O. Bulashenko and T. Bulik and H. J. Bulten and A. Buonanno and K. Burtnyk and R. Buscicchio and D. Buskulic and C. Buy and R. L. Byer and R. Cabrita and V. Cáceres-Barbosa and L. Cadonati and G. Cagnoli and C. Cahillane and A. Calafat and T. A. Callister and E. Calloni and S. R. Callos and M. Canepa and G. Caneva Santoro and K. C. Cannon and H. Cao and L. A. Capistran and E. Capocasa and G. Capoccia and E. Capote and G. Capurri and G. Carapella and F. Carbognani and K. J. Cardona-Martínez and M. Carlassara and J. B. Carlin and T. K. Carlson and M. F. Carney and M. Carpinelli and G. Carrillo and J. J. Carter and G. Carullo and A. Casallas-Lagos and J. Casanueva Diaz and C. Casentini and S. Caudill and M. Cavaglià and R. Cavalieri and G. Cella and S. Cepic and P. Cerdá-Durán and E. Cesarini and N. Chabbra and W. Chaibi and A. Chakraborty and P. Chakraborty and S. Chakraborty and S. Chalathadka Subrahmanya and R. Chalmers and C. Chan and J. C. L. Chan and M. Chan and K. Chang and P. Charlton and E. Chassande-Mottin and C. Chatterjee and Debarati Chatterjee and Deep Chatterjee and M. Chaturvedi and S. Chaty and K. Chatziioannou and A. Chen and A. H. -Y. Chen and D. Chen and H. Chen and H. Y. Chen and S. Chen and Y. Chen and G. Cheng and H. P. Cheng and P. Chessa and T. Cheunchitra and H. T. Cheung and S. Y. Cheung and F. Chiadini and G. Chiarini and A. Chiba and A. Chincarini and D. Chintala and M. L. Chiofalo and A. Chiummo and C. Chou and S. Choudhary and N. Christensen and S. S. Y. Chua and G. Ciani and P. Ciecielag and M. Cieślar and M. Cifaldi and B. Cirok and F. Clara and J. A. Clark and T. A. Clarke and P. Clearwater and S. Clesse and F. Cleva and S. M. Clyne and E. Coccia and E. Codazzo and P. -F. Cohadon and D. E. Cohen and S. Colace and E. Colangeli and O. Cole and M. Colleoni and C. G. Collette and J. Collins and S. Colloms and A. Colombo and C. M. Compton and G. Connolly and L. Conti and T. R. Corbitt and I. Cordero-Carrión and S. Corezzi and N. J. Cornish and I. Coronado and A. Corsi and L. A. Corubolo and L. Cotnoir and R. Cottingham and M. W. Coughlin and P. Couvares and D. M. Coward and D. C. Coyne and R. Coyne and A. Cozzumbo and J. D. E. Creighton and T. D. Creighton and S. Crook and R. Crouch and J. Csizmazia and J. R. Cudell and T. J. Cullen and A. Cumming and E. Cuoco and M. Cusinato and L. V. Da Conceição and T. Dal Canton and S. Dall’Osso and S. Dal Pra and G. Dálya and O. Dan and Y. Dang and B. D’Angelo and S. Danilishin and S. D’Antonio and K. Danzmann and K. E. Darroch and L. P. Dartez and R. Das and A. Dasgupta and V. Dattilo and A. Daumas and I. Dave and A. Davenport and M. Davier and T. F. Davies and D. Davis and L. Davis and M. C. Davis and P. Davis and E. J. Daw and M. Dax and J. De Bolle and M. Deenadayalan and J. Degallaix and M. De Laurentis and C. J. Delgado Mendez and F. De Lillo and S. Della Torre and W. Del Pozzo and O. M. del Rio and A. Demagny and F. De Marco and G. Demasi and F. De Matteis and N. Demos and T. Dent and A. Depasse and N. DePergola and R. De Pietri and R. De Rosa and C. De Rossi and M. Desai and V. Deshmukh and R. De Simone and S. Determan and A. Dhani and R. Dhurkunde and R. Diab and C. Diaz and M. C. Díaz and M. Di Cesare and G. Dideron and T. Dietrich and L. Di Fiore and C. Di Fronzo and M. Di Giovanni and T. Di Girolamo and D. Diksha and J. Ding and S. Di Pace and I. Di Palma and D. Di Piero and F. Di Renzo and Divyajyoti and A. Dmitriev and J. P. Docherty and Z. Doctor and N. Doerksen and E. Dohmen and A. Doke and A. Domiciano De Souza and L. D’Onofrio and F. Donovan and K. L. Dooley and T. Dooney and S. Doravari and O. Dorosh and F. Dosopoulou and W. J. D. Doyle and M. Drago and J. C. Driggers and M. Dubois and R. R. Dumbreck and L. Dunn and U. Dupletsa and D. D’Urso and P. Dutta Roy and H. Duval and P. -A. Duverne and S. E. Dwyer and C. Eassa and M. Eberhardt and M. Ebersold and T. Eckhardt and G. Eddolls and A. Effler and J. Eichholz and H. Einsle and M. Eisenmann and R. A. Eisenstein and M. Emma and K. Endo and R. Enficiaud and L. Errico and R. Espinosa and M. Esposito and R. C. Essick and H. Estellés and T. Etzel and M. Evans and T. Evstafyeva and B. E. Ewing and J. M. Ezquiaga and F. Fabrizi and V. Fafone and S. Fairhurst and X. Fan and A. M. Farah and B. Farr and W. M. Farr and M. Favata and M. Fays and M. Fazio and J. Feicht and M. M. Fejer and J. -N. Feldhusen and E. Fenyvesi and J. Fernandes and T. Fernandes and D. Fernando and S. Ferraiuolo and T. A. Ferreira and M. Ferrer and F. Fidecaro and P. Figura and E. Finch and A. Fiori and I. Fiori and M. Fishbach and R. P. Fisher and R. Fittipaldi and V. Fiumara and R. Flaminio and S. M. Fleischer and L. S. Fleming and E. Floden and H. Fong and J. A. Font and F. Fontinele-Nunes and C. Foo and B. Fornal and P. W. F. Forsyth and K. Franceschetti and A. Franco-Ordovas and F. Frappez and S. Frasca and F. Frasconi and J. P. Freed and Z. Frei and A. Freise and O. Freitas and R. Frey and W. Frischhertz and P. Fritschel and V. V. Frolov and M. Fuentes-Garcia and S. Fujii and T. Fujimori and P. Fulda and M. Fyffe and B. Gadre and J. R. Gair and S. Galaudage and V. Galdi and R. Gamba and A. Gamboa and S. Gamoji and A. Ganguly and B. Garaventa and P. García Abia and J. García-Bellido and C. García-Quirós and J. W. Gardner and S. Garg and J. Gargiulo and X. Garrido and A. Garron and F. Garufi and P. A. Garver and C. Gasbarra and B. Gateley and F. Gautier and V. Gayathri and T. Gayer and G. Gemme and A. Gennai and V. Gennari and J. George and R. George and O. Gerberding and L. Gergely and Archisman Ghosh and Sayantan Ghosh and Shaon Ghosh and Shrobana Ghosh and Suprovo Ghosh and Tathagata Ghosh and J. A. Giaime and K. D. Giardina and D. R. Gibson and C. Gier and S. Gkaitatzis and J. Glanzer and F. Glotin and J. Godfrey and R. V. Godley and P. Godwin and A. S. Goettel and E. Goetz and J. Golomb and S. Gomez Lopez and G. González and P. Goodarzi and S. Goode and A. Goodwin-Jones and M. Gosselin and C. Gostiaux and R. Gouaty and D. W. Gould and K. Govorkova and A. Grado and A. E. Granados and M. Granata and V. Granata and S. Gras and P. Grassia and C. Gray and R. Gray and G. Greco and A. C. Green and L. Green and S. M. Green and S. R. Green and A. M. Gretarsson and E. M. Gretarsson and H. K. Griffin and D. Griffith and H. L. Griggs and G. Grignani and C. Grimaud and H. Grote and S. Grunewald and D. Guerra and A. G. Guerrero and D. Guetta and G. M. Guidi and T. Guidry and H. K. Gulati and F. Gulminelli and A. M. Gunny and H. Guo and W. Guo and Y. Guo and Anuradha Gupta and I. Gupta and N. C. Gupta and S. K. Gupta and V. Gupta and N. Gupte and J. Gurs and N. Gutierrez and N. Guttman and F. Guzman and D. Haba and M. Haberland and S. Haino and E. D. Hall and E. Z. Hamilton and G. Hammond and M. Haney and J. Hanks and C. Hanna and M. D. Hannam and O. A. Hannuksela and H. Hansen and J. Hanson and R. Harada and A. R. Hardison and S. Harikumar and K. Haris and I. Harley-Trochimczyk and T. Harmark and J. Harms and G. M. Harry and I. W. Harry and J. Hart and M. T. Hartman and B. Haskell and C. -J. Haster and K. Haughian and H. Hayakawa and K. Hayama and A. Heffernan and D. Hegde and M. C. Heintze and J. Heinze and J. Heinzel and H. Heitmann and F. Hellman and A. F. Helmling-Cornell and G. Hemming and O. Henderson-Sapir and M. Hendry and I. S. Heng and M. H. Hennig and C. Henshaw and M. Heurs and A. L. Hewitt and J. Heynen and J. Heyns and S. Higginbotham and S. Hild and S. Hill and Y. Himemoto and N. Hirata and C. Hirose and D. Hofman and B. E. Hogan and N. A. Holland and K. Holley-Bockelmann and I. J. Hollows and D. E. Holz and L. Honet and K. M. Hoops and M. E. Hoque and D. J. Horton-Bailey and J. Hough and S. Hourihane and N. T. Howard and E. J. Howell and C. G. Hoy and C. A. Hrishikesh and P. Hsi and H. -F. Hsieh and H. -Y. Hsieh and C. Hsiung and S. -H. Hsu and W. -F. Hsu and Q. Hu and H. Y. Huang and Y. Huang and Y. T. Huang and A. D. Huddart and B. Hughey and V. Hui and S. Husa and L. Iampieri and G. A. Iandolo and M. Ianni and G. Iannone and J. Iascau and K. Ide and R. Iden and A. Ierardi and S. Ikeda and H. Imafuku and Y. Inoue and G. Iorio and P. Iosif and J. Irwin and R. Ishikawa and T. Ishikawa and M. Isi and K. S. Isleif and Y. Itoh and S. Iwaguchi and M. Iwaya and B. R. Iyer and C. D. Jackson and C. Jacquet and P. -E. Jacquet and T. Jacquot and S. J. Jadhav and S. P. Jadhav and M. Jain and T. Jain and A. L. James and K. 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Zeoli and M. Zerrad and M. Zevin and H. Zhang and L. Zhang and N. Zhang and R. Zhang and T. Zhang and C. Zhao and Yue Zhao and Yuhang Zhao and Z. -C. Zhao and Y. Zheng and H. Zhong and H. Zhou and H. O. Zhu and Z. -H. Zhu and Z. Zhu and A. B. Zimmerman and L. Zimmermann and M. E. Zucker
Physical Review Letters Accepted: 30 April, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/gzrj-mwv3
Abstract
GW240925 and GW250207 are two loud gravitational-wave signals from binary black hole coalescences observed with network signal-to-noise ratios ∼32 and ∼69, respectively, by the LIGO Hanford–LIGO Livingston–Virgo network. Gravitational-wave signals from coalescing binaries have characteristic phase and amplitude evolution predicted by general relativity. These signal waveforms, together with measured instrumental calibration uncertainties, are used to infer source parameters. However, for sufficiently loud detections it is possible to constrain the calibration of the detectors directly using the signals themselves. We present the first informative astrophysical measurements of gravitational-wave detector calibration. For GW240925, we verify the inference of Hanford calibration from the astrophysical signal through cross-checks with known calibration errors obtained from in-situ measurements. At the time of GW250207, the Hanford detector was not fully stabilized, leading to elevated calibration uncertainties; thus, astrophysical calibration is essential to obtain accurate data and to enable source localization. These well-localized, high signal-to-noise observations have the potential to offer precise measurements of source properties, stringent tests of general relativity, and informative dark siren measurements, provided that calibration uncertainties are properly incorporated. As detector sensitivity improves, astrophysical calibration will become an increasingly valuable complement to in-situ calibration measurements. Obtaining accurate calibration will be essential for precision gravitational-wave science.
