バッテリー故障の早期発見(Detecting battery failures quicker)

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2024-11-12 サンディア国立研究所(SNL)

サンディア国立研究所は、電気自動車バッテリーの故障を早期に検出し、火災リスクを減らすための技術を開発しています。特別な診断やテストを用いて、バッテリーごとに異なる故障の前兆を識別する方法を研究し、大規模なエネルギー貯蔵システムへの応用も視野に入れています。また、自動で安全措置を取るセンサー技術の開発も進めています。

<関連情報>

市販の診断技術を用いたリチウムイオン電池の熱暴走の早期検出 Early Detection of Li-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Using Commercial Diagnostic Technologies

Loraine Torres-Castro, Alex M. Bates, Nathan B. Johnson, Genaro Quintana and Lucas Gray
Journal of The Electrochemical Society  Published: 13 February 2024
DOI:10.1149/1945-7111/ad2440

バッテリー故障の早期発見(Detecting battery failures quicker)

Abstract

The rate of electric vehicle (EV) adoption, powered by the Li-ion battery, has grown exponentially; largely driven by technological advancements, consumer demand, and global initiatives to reduce carbon emissions. As a result, it is imperative to understand the state of stability (SoS) of the cells inside an EV battery pack. That understanding will enable the warning of or prevention against catastrophic failures that can lead to serious injury or even, loss of life. The present work explores rapid electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) coupled with gas sensing technology as diagnostics to monitor cells and packs for failure markers. These failure markers can then be used for onboard assessment of SoS. Experimental results explore key changes in single cells and packs undergoing thermal or electrical abuse. Rapid EIS showed longer warning times, followed by VOC sensors, and then H2 sensors. While rapid EIS gives the longest warning time, with the failure marker often appearing before the cell vents, the reliability of identifying impedance changes in single cells within a pack decreases as the pack complexity increases. This provides empirical evidence to support the significant role that cell packaging and battery engineering intricacies play in monitoring the SoS.

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