2026-02-19 マックス・プランク研究所
A high-resolution image taken with the Large Binocular Telescope on Mount Graham in Arizona, USA, shows two galaxies in yellow-red and, surrounding them, five images of a supernova located in the background, whose light has been deflected toward Earth along five paths by the concentrated gravity of the foreground galaxies.© SN Winny Research Group
＜関連情報＞
- https://www.mpg.de/26143285/measuring-the-expansion-of-the-universe-with-cosmic-fireworks
- https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.16620
- https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.21694
HOLISMOKES XX. 連星レンズ銀河のレンズモデルと超新星ウィニーの5枚の写真 HOLISMOKES XX. Lens models of binary lens galaxies with five images of Supernova Winny
L. R. Ecker, A. G. Schweinfurth, R. Saglia, L. Deng, S. H. Suyu, C. Saulder, J. Snigula, R. Bender, R. Cañameras, T.-W. Chen, A. Galan, A. Halkola, E. Mamuzic, A. Melo, S. Schuldt, S. Taubenberger
arXiv Submitted on 18 Feb 2026
DOI:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.16620
Abstract
Strongly lensed supernovae (SNe) provide a powerful way to study cosmology, SNe and galaxies. Modelling the lens system is key to extracting astrophysical and cosmological information. We present adaptive-optics-assisted high-resolution images of SN Winny (SN 2025wny) in the J and K filters obtained with the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). The LBT imaging confirms the presence of a fifth point source, whose colour is consistent with that of the other SN images at similar phases, while lens modelling robustly supports its interpretation as an additional image of SN~Winny. We measure the positions of the five SN images with uncertainties varying between 1 and 14 milliarcseconds. We build the first mass models using lenstronomy and GLEE, and explore three classes of mass models for the two lens galaxies G1 and G2. The optimal model class of the three is a singular isothermal ellipsoid for G1, a singular isothermal sphere for G2, and an external shear. We infer the enclosed masses within the Einstein radius as 4.61^{+0.06}_{-0.04} \times 10^{11}\,M_\odot for G1 and 1.01\pm0.02 \times 10^{11}\,M_\odot for G2. The lensing configuration by the two lens galaxies can produce two additional magnified SN images beyond the five observed ones; the exclusion of such model configurations further constrains the lens model parameters. Our model fits to the observed image positions with an RMS of ~0.0012″ – 0.0025″, within the observed positional uncertainties. The predicted magnifications of the multiple images vary between ~1.6 (for the faintest fifth image E) to ~10 (for the brightest image A). The predicted relative lensing magnifications of the multiple images do not match that of the observed within 2\sigma uncertainties. The differences in the relative magnifications could be due to millilensing/microlensing. Our mass models form the basis for future analyses of this unique system. (abridged)
HOLISMOKES XIX: SN 2025wny at z = 2, 最初の強力な超高輝度超新星 HOLISMOKES XIX: SN 2025wny at z = 2, the first strongly lensed superluminous supernova
Stefan Taubenberger, Ana Acebron, Raoul Cañameras, Ting-Wan Chen, Aymeric Galan, Claudio Grillo, Alejandra Melo, Stefan Schuldt, Allan G. Schweinfurth, Sherry H. Suyu, Greg Aldering, Amar Aryan, Yu-Hsing Lee, Elias Mamuzic, Martin Millon, Thomas M. Reynolds, Alexey V. Sergeyev, Ildar M. Asfandiyarov, Stéphane Basa, Stéphane Blondin, Otabek A. Burkhonov, Lise Christensen, Frederic Courbin, Shuhrat A. Ehgamberdiev, Tom L. Killestein, Seppo Mattila, Asadulla M. Shaymanov, Yiping Shu, Dong Xu, Sheng Yang, Daniel Gruen, Justin D. R. Pierel, Christopher J. Storfer, Kim-Vy Tran, Kenneth C. Wong, Rosa L. Becerra, Damien Dornic, Jean-Grégoire Ducoin, Noémie Globus, Claudia P. Gutiérrez, Ji-an Jiang, Hanindyo Kuncarayakti, Diego López-Cámara, Peter Lundqvist, Francesco Magnani, Enrique Moreno Méndez, Benjamin Schneider, Christian Vogl
arXiv Submitted on 24 Oct 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2510.21694
Abstract
We present imaging and spectroscopic observations of supernova SN 2025wny, associated with the lens candidate PS1 J0716+3821. Photometric monitoring from the Lulin and Maidanak observatories confirms multiple point-like images, consistent with SN 2025wny being strongly lensed by two foreground galaxies. Optical spectroscopy of the brightest image with the Nordic Optical Telescope and the University of Hawaii 88-inch Telescope allows us to determine the redshift to be z_s = 2.008 +- 0.001, based on narrow absorption lines originating in the interstellar medium of the supernova host galaxy. At this redshift, the spectra of SN 2025wny are consistent with those of superluminous supernovae of Type I. We find a high ejecta temperature and depressed spectral lines compared to other similar objects. We also measure, for the first time, the redshift of the fainter of the two lens galaxies (the “perturber”) to be z_p = 0.375 +- 0.001, fully consistent with the DESI spectroscopic redshift of the main deflector at z_d = 0.3754. SN 2025wny thus represents the first confirmed galaxy-scale strongly lensed supernova with time delays likely in the range of days to weeks, as judged from the image separations. This makes SN 2025wny suitable for cosmography, offering a promising new system for independent measurements of the Hubble constant. Following a tradition in the field of strongly-lensed SNe, we give SN 2025wny the nickname SN Winny.
