ガスコンロから車の排気ガスよりも多くの微小ナノ粒子を吸い込んでいる可能性(You may be breathing in more tiny nanoparticles from your gas stove than from car exhaust)

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2024-02-27 パデュー大学

パデュー大学の新しい研究によると、ガスストーブでの料理は、ガソリンまたはディーゼルを使う車よりも、空気中により多くのナノサイズの粒子を放出し、喘息やその他の呼吸器疾患のリスクを高める可能性があります。これらの粒子は、気道や他の臓器に到達しやすいサイズであり、室内外の空気汚染源となります。調査チームは、ガスストーブで料理する際に台所の排気ファンを使用することを奨励しています。

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ガス調理中の室内大気におけるナノクラスターエアロゾルのダイナミクス Dynamics of nanocluster aerosol in the indoor atmosphere during gas cooking

Satya S Patra, Jinglin Jiang, Xiaosu Ding, Chunxu Huang, Emily K Reidy, Vinay Kumar, Paige Price, Connor Keech, Gerhard Steiner, Philip Stevens …
PNAS Nexus  Published:27 February 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae044

Time-resolved evaluation of indoor atmospheric NCA formation and transformation during propane gas cooking via high-resolution online nanoparticle measurements—first row: propane-gas-cooking-emitted NCA number size distributions (dN/dlogDp); second row: size-integrated (1.18–3 nm) propane-gas-cooking-emitted NCA number concentrations (NNCA); third row: Conventional indoor air pollution markers: PM2.5 mass concentrations and NO + NO2 mixing ratios; fourth row: carbon-mass-based (1.18–3 nm) propane-gas-cooking-emitted NCA emission factors (ENCA) and the aerosol Fuchs surface area (AFuchs); fifth row: coagulation sink, coagulation source, and the net difference between the coagulation sink and coagulation source; and sixth row: cumulative adult respiratory-tract-deposited doses (DNCA) during the propane-gas-cooking measurements in the Purdue zEDGE test house. Left: A, C, E, G, I, K): composite median of small/moderate indoor CoagSnk cases (boiling water). Right: B, D, F, H, J, L): composite median of large indoor CoagSnk cases (cooking grilled cheese; composite median for cooking buttermilk pancakes is shown in the Supplementary material, Fig. S9). The coagulation sink presented in I) and J) represents the median of the size-resolved coagulation sink values in the NCA size fraction. For X = Src in I) and J), the coagulation source values are computed as the median of CoagSrcdp/Ndp over the NCA size fraction.

Abstract

Nanocluster aerosol (NCA: particles in the size range of 1–3 nm) are a critically important, yet understudied, class of atmospheric aerosol particles. NCA efficiently deposit in the human respiratory system and can translocate to vital organs. Due to their high surface area-to-mass ratios, NCA are associated with a heightened propensity for bioactivity and toxicity. Despite the human health relevance of NCA, little is known regarding the prevalence of NCA in indoor environments where people spend the majority of their time. In this study, we quantify the formation and transformation of indoor atmospheric NCA down to 1 nm via high-resolution online nanoparticle measurements during propane gas cooking in a residential building. We observed a substantial pool of sub-1.5 nm NCA in the indoor atmosphere during cooking periods, with aerosol number concentrations often dominated by the newly formed NCA. Indoor atmospheric NCA emission factors can reach up to ∼1016 NCA/kg-fuel during propane gas cooking and can exceed those for vehicles with gasoline and diesel engines. Such high emissions of combustion-derived indoor NCA can result in substantial NCA respiratory exposures and dose rates for children and adults, significantly exceeding that for outdoor traffic-associated NCA. Combustion-derived indoor NCA undergo unique size-dependent physical transformations, strongly influenced by particle coagulation and condensation of low-volatility cooking vapors. We show that indoor atmospheric NCA need to be measured directly and cannot be predicted using conventional indoor air pollution markers such as PM2.5 mass concentrations and NOx (NO + NO2) mixing ratios.

1104空気調和
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