2023-03-29 ヒューストン大学(UH)
この汚染物質の原因として、船舶排出物と化学プロセスが挙げられています。高温、高湿度、そして強い日差しは、化学反応を促進するため、二次エアロゾルが形成され、肺や心臓に有害であることがEPAによって報告されています。
研究チームは、質量分析計を使用して、実時間で空気中の化学組成を調べ、コーパスクリスティとサンアントニオから数週間にわたって大気データを収集しました。彼らは、テキサス州メキシコ湾岸沿いにある11の15の船舶貨物取扱港のうちの1つであるコーパスクリスティ港が、特に人工物の影響を受けていると指摘しています。特に、80%の硫酸塩が人工的な排出物によるものであることが明らかになっています。
<関連情報>
- https://uh.edu/news-events/stories/2023/march-2023/study-finds-sulfate-pollution-impacts-texas-gulf-coast-air.php
- https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.2c05469
メキシコ湾の海洋サブミクロンエアロゾル: 硫酸塩と有機硫酸塩の急速な生成による汚染と酸性化 Marine Submicron Aerosols from the Gulf of Mexico: Polluted and Acidic with Rapid Production of Sulfate and Organosulfates
Shan Zhou, Fangzhou Guo, Chun-Ying Chao, Subin Yoon, Sergio L. Alvarez, Sujan Shrestha, James H. Flynn III, Sascha Usenko, Rebecca J. Sheesley, and Robert J. Griffin
Environmental Science & Technology Published:March 20, 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c05469
Abstract
We measured submicron aerosols (PM1) at a beachfront site in Texas in Spring 2021 to characterize the “background” aerosol chemical composition advecting into Texas and the factors controlling this composition. Observations show that marine “background” aerosols from the Gulf of Mexico were highly processed and acidic; sulfate was the most abundant component (on average 57% of total PM1 mass), followed by organic material (26%). These chemical characteristics are similar to those observed at other marine locations globally. However, Gulf “background” aerosols were much more polluted; the average non-refractory (NR-) PM1 mass concentration was 3–70 times higher than that observed in other clean marine atmospheres. Anthropogenic shipping emissions over the Gulf of Mexico explain 78.3% of the total measured “background” sulfate in the Gulf air. We frequently observed haze pollution in the air mass from the Gulf, with significantly elevated concentrations of sulfate, organosulfates, and secondary organic aerosol associated with sulfuric acid. Analysis suggests that aqueous oxidation of shipping emissions over the Gulf of Mexico by peroxides in the particles might potentially be an important pathway for the rapid production of acidic sulfate and organosulfates during the haze episodes under acidic conditions.