太陽光発電システムが空気中の水分から直接グリーン水素を生成(Solar-powered System Produces Green Hydrogen Directly from Air Moisture)

2025-09-18 中国科学院(CAS)

中国科学院合肥物質科学研究院の殷華傑教授率いる研究チームは、大気中の水分を直接利用し、太陽光のみでグリーン水素を製造する自立型システムを開発した。従来主流の高分子電解質膜水電解(PEMWE)は高純度水を必要とし、水資源に乏しい地域での適用が課題であった。本研究では、太陽光による光熱型大気水回収とPEM電解を組み合わせ、外部の水や電力に依存しない水素製造を実現した。階層的多孔質炭素材料を用いて空気中の水分を吸着・蒸発させ、独自設計の電解装置に供給する。湿度20%という低湿条件でも安定動作し、湿度40%では毎時約300mLの水素生成を達成した。屋外実証でも連続運転が確認され、水不足地域における持続可能な水素製造への新たな道を示している。

太陽光発電システムが空気中の水分から直接グリーン水素を生成(Solar-powered System Produces Green Hydrogen Directly from Air Moisture)
Self-sustaining air water harvesting and proton exchange membrane water electrolysis based on ordered porous carbon. (Image by YIN Huajie)

<関連情報>

階層的に配列した多孔質炭素を通じた太陽光駆動による大気水生成による自立型グリーン水素生産 Solar-Driven Atmospheric Water Production Through Hierarchically Ordered Porous Carbon for Self-Sustaining Green Hydrogen Production

Bo Fu, Jifang Zhang, Neil Robinson, Zhen Zhang, Zhengju Zhu, Mengyang Dong, Xinyuan Zhang, Jian Kang, Paul Michalski, Zeyang Zhao, Jiapeng Ji, Yiming Xu, Kaidi Zhang, Xinyu Wang, Shan Chen, …
Advanced Materials  Published: 19 August 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202511336

Abstract

Green hydrogen production by proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) powered by clean energy is a promising and environmentally friendly technology. However, it relies on a high-purity water source, which is limited in regions facing water scarcity. Here, a coupled self-sustaining solar-enabled system is reported that couples atmospheric water harvesting with PEM water electrolysis (AWH-PEMWE), offering a novel pathway for clean water generation and green hydrogen production. The atmospheric water harvester (AWH) component utilizes N and O co-doped hydrophilic ordered porous carbon, engineered with an interconnected hierarchical porous structure with prosperous channels for efficient mass transport. It enables effective interfacial solar evaporation for water release, achieving a record-high water harvesting capacity of 0.49 L kg−1 h−1 at 40% relative humidity (RH). During outdoor tests, the AWH-PEMWE system reaches a peak green hydrogen production rate of 204 mL h−1 at midday using only atmospheric water as feedstock. Remarkably, the system remains operational under ultra-low humidity conditions down to 20% RH, addressing the challenge of water availability in arid environments. Importantly, the system operates without the need for carrier gases or external energy input accessories, enabling a fully solar-driven process with zero carbon emission throughout the hydrogen production cycle.

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