脱塩プロセスの持続可能性を高める新型膜(Making desalination more eco-friendly: New membranes could help eliminate brine waste)

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2025-04-15 ミシガン大学

ミシガン大学の研究チームは、海水淡水化プロセスにおけるブライン廃棄物の削減を目指し、高電荷密度膜を用いた新しい電気透析技術を開発しました。この技術は、従来の方法よりも効率的に塩分を濃縮し、ブラインからの資源回収を可能にします。これにより、環境負荷の軽減と経済的な利点が期待され、持続可能な水資源管理への貢献が見込まれます。

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超高電荷密度膜における高速かつ選択的なイオン輸送 Fast and selective ion transport in ultrahigh-charge-density membranes

David Kitto,Carolina Espinoza,José C. Díaz,Jacquelyn Zamora & Jovan Kamcev
Nature Chemical Engineering  Published:11 April 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s44286-025-00205-x

脱塩プロセスの持続可能性を高める新型膜(Making desalination more eco-friendly: New membranes could help eliminate brine waste)

Abstract

Ion-selective membranes are central to electrochemical technologies due to their ability to regulate ion transport and differentiate between cations and anions. However, a major obstacle to their effective implementation is the inherent trade-off between ionic conductivity and cation/anion selectivity, a consequence of the interdependence between membrane charge and water content. Here we introduce a membrane design strategy that not only achieves high charge densities but also nearly decouples charge from water content. Our strategy involves the copolymerization of low-molecular-weight charged monomers and charged cross-linkers, ensuring that every repeat unit of the polymer backbone contains a charged group. Anion-exchange membranes synthesized using this strategy exhibit ultrahigh charge densities, substantially advancing the conductivity/selectivity upper bound. We further demonstrate the practical implications of these ultrahigh-charge-density membranes for electrodialytic brine concentration, achieving a lower specific energy consumption than the state-of-the-art benchmark. This advancement in membrane design can impact the development and deployment of electrochemical systems across a spectrum of energy and environmental applications.

0505化学装置及び設備
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