量子コンピューターの働きを検証する(Verifying the Work of Quantum Computers)

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2024-03-20 カリフォルニア工科大学(Caltech)

カリフォルニア工科大学の研究者は、量子コンピュータのエラー率を完全にシミュレートすることなしに測定する新しい方法を開発しました。この手法を用いて、60キュービットの量子シミュレータのエラー率を91%と推定しました。これにより、量子コンピューティングシステムの改良や成功度を評価する基準が得られました。

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60原子アナログ量子シミュレータで高度にもつれた状態をベンチマークする Benchmarking highly entangled states on a 60-atom analogue quantum simulator

Adam L. Shaw,Zhuo Chen,Joonhee Choi,Daniel K. Mark,Pascal Scholl,Ran Finkelstein,Andreas Elben,Soonwon Choi & Manuel Endres
Nature  Published:20 March 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07173-x

量子コンピューターの働きを検証する(Verifying the Work of Quantum Computers)

Abstract

Quantum systems have entered a competitive regime in which classical computers must make approximations to represent highly entangled quantum states1,2. However, in this beyond-classically-exact regime, fidelity comparisons between quantum and classical systems have so far been limited to digital quantum devices2,3,4,5, and it remains unsolved how to estimate the actual entanglement content of experiments6. Here, we perform fidelity benchmarking and mixed-state entanglement estimation with a 60-atom analogue Rydberg quantum simulator, reaching a high-entanglement entropy regime in which exact classical simulation becomes impractical. Our benchmarking protocol involves extrapolation from comparisons against an approximate classical algorithm, introduced here, with varying entanglement limits. We then develop and demonstrate an estimator of the experimental mixed-state entanglement6, finding our experiment is competitive with state-of-the-art digital quantum devices performing random circuit evolution2,3,4,5. Finally, we compare the experimental fidelity against that achieved by various approximate classical algorithms, and find that only the algorithm we introduce is able to keep pace with the experiment on the classical hardware we use. Our results enable a new model for evaluating the ability of both analogue and digital quantum devices to generate entanglement in the beyond-classically-exact regime, and highlight the evolving divide between quantum and classical systems.

1601コンピュータ工学
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