反物質は地球を包み込み、通常の物質のように下へ落ちていく(Antimatter embraces Earth, falling downward like normal matter)

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2023-09-27 カリフォルニア大学バークレー校(UCB)

◆新しい実験により、反物質も通常の物質と同様に、重力場で下降し、反発しないことが確認されました。反物質である反水素は通常の重力に従うことが示され、通常の物質と同様に重力に対する反応が観測されました。
◆この結果は、アルバート・アインシュタインの一般相対性理論、反物質と通常の物質は重力に対して同じように振る舞うという理論に合致しています。実験はまた、一般相対性理論をテストする重要な試みでもあります。物理学者は、新しい物理法則を探る可能性を排除せず、実験が必要であると強調しています。

<関連情報>

反物質の運動に対する重力の影響を観測 Observation of the effect of gravity on the motion of antimatter

E. K. Anderson,C. J. Baker,W. Bertsche,N. M. Bhatt,G. Bonomi,A. Capra,I. Carli,C. L. Cesar,M. Charlton,A. Christensen,R. Collister,A. Cridland Mathad,D. Duque Quiceno,S. Eriksson,A. Evans,N. Evetts,S. Fabbri,J. Fajans,A. Ferwerda,T. Friesen,M. C. Fujiwara,D. R. Gill,L. M. Golino,M. B. Gomes Gonçalves,P. Grandemange,P. Granum,J. S. Hangst,M. E. Hayden,D. Hodgkinson,E. D. Hunter,C. A. Isaac,A. J. U. Jimenez,M. A. Johnson,J. M. Jones,S. A. Jones,S. Jonsell,A. Khramov,N. Madsen,L. Martin,N. Massacret,D. Maxwell,J. T. K. McKenna,S. Menary,T. Momose,M. Mostamand,P. S. Mullan,J. Nauta,K. Olchanski,A. N. Oliveira,J. Peszka,A. Powell,C. Ø. Rasmussen,F. Robicheaux,R. L. Sacramento,M. Sameed,E. Sarid,J. Schoonwater,D. M. Silveira,J. Singh,G. Smith,C. So,S. Stracka,G. Stutter,T. D. Tharp,K. A. Thompson,R. I. Thompson,E. Thorpe-Woods,C. Torkzaban,M. Urioni,P. Woosaree & J. S. Wurtele
Nature  Published:27 September 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06527-1

反物質は地球を包み込み、通常の物質のように下へ落ちていく(Antimatter embraces Earth, falling downward like normal matter)

Abstract

Einstein’s general theory of relativity from 19151 remains the most successful description of gravitation. From the 1919 solar eclipse2 to the observation of gravitational waves3, the theory has passed many crucial experimental tests. However, the evolving concepts of dark matter and dark energy illustrate that there is much to be learned about the gravitating content of the universe. Singularities in the general theory of relativity and the lack of a quantum theory of gravity suggest that our picture is incomplete. It is thus prudent to explore gravity in exotic physical systems. Antimatter was unknown to Einstein in 1915. Dirac’s theory4 appeared in 1928; the positron was observed5 in 1932. There has since been much speculation about gravity and antimatter. The theoretical consensus is that any laboratory mass must be attracted6 by the Earth, although some authors have considered the cosmological consequences if antimatter should be repelled by matter7,8,9,10. In the general theory of relativity, the weak equivalence principle (WEP) requires that all masses react identically to gravity, independent of their internal structure. Here we show that antihydrogen atoms, released from magnetic confinement in the ALPHA-g apparatus, behave in a way consistent with gravitational attraction to the Earth. Repulsive ‘antigravity’ is ruled out in this case. This experiment paves the way for precision studies of the magnitude of the gravitational acceleration between anti-atoms and the Earth to test the WEP.

1700応用理学一般
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