自己集合性錯体の収率を劇的に向上させる触媒

2025-09-19 東京大学

東京大学と京都大学の研究チームは、自己集合性錯体の収率を劇的に高める新しい触媒作用を発見した。通常、触媒は可逆反応の平衡化を加速するのみで生成物収率には影響しないが、本研究では過レニウム酸イオン(ReO₄⁻)を用いることで、M₆L₄四角錐形錯体(SP)の収率を96%に向上させることに成功。実験と数理モデル解析から、触媒は自己集合の後期過程を選択的に加速し、中間体を効率的にSPへ変換することが明らかになった。また、SPは「ローカルな反応ループ」内で準安定的に維持され、平衡状態を超えた高収率が実現される仕組みが示された。これは可逆反応ネットワークにおける触媒効果の新しい理解を拓くもので、速度論支配を利用した物質合成デザイン原理の確立に繋がる。成果は『Chem』に掲載。

自己集合性錯体の収率を劇的に向上させる触媒
触媒による自己集合体の収率の劇的な向上

<関連情報>

超分子反応ネットワークにおける可逆性・不可逆性の触媒的操作による自己組織化結果の制御 Catalytic manipulation of reversibility and irreversibility in a supramolecular reaction network to control the self-assembly outcome

Tsukasa Abe ∙ Satoshi Takahashi ∙ Runyu Chai ∙ Hirofumi Sato ∙ Shuichi Hiraoka
Chem  Published:September 17, 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2025.102741

The bigger picture

Reversibility and irreversibility are opposing phenomena that do not simultaneously emerge in elementary reactions. Incorporating the advantages of reversible and irreversible reactions into a system can realize a versatile chemical system that is globally irreversible but locally reversible. Integrating reversible elementary reactions into a reaction network makes such a hybridized system possible. In this study, we obtained a metastable state in which one of the assemblies was catalytically biased by the hybridization of reversibility and irreversibility in a reversible reaction network of molecular self-assembly. Appropriate catalytic activity fine-tuned the hybridization of reversibility and irreversibility in the reaction network, leading to a kinetically biased metastable state. These results significantly advance our understanding of the complexity of reversible reaction networks and how to control them.

Highlights

  • ReO4 greatly improved the yield of the M6L4 square-based pyramid (SP)
  • This result was analyzed in a reversible reaction network model
  • The efficient acceleration of certain reaction steps led to high SP yields
  • Local reaction loops retain the metastable state of high SP yield

Summary

Catalysis is a key strategy for enhancing the yields and selectivities of desired products in both living systems and industry. Catalysts do not affect the reaction outcome of simple reversible reactions; they only accelerate equilibration. Herein, we report that catalysis greatly improves the self-assembly yield. In the presence of ReO4 as the catalyst, the M6L4 square-based pyramid (SP) was almost quantitatively assembled, whereas the yield was only 24% without catalysis. Experimental and theoretical analyses of the self-assembly revealed that M3L3 and M4L3 triangle species were trapped without ReO4, that in the presence of the catalyst, the conversion of the trapped species was indirectly promoted by greater acceleration of the late stage of the self-assembly, and that local reaction loops involving SP prevented global equilibration to attain a metastable state.

1700応用理学一般
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