大規模山火事による水質影響を測定(Water Quality Impacts from the Largest Wildfire in New Mexico’s History)

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2025-07-09 パシフィック・ノースウェスト国立研究所 (PNNL)

PNNLの研究者らは、ニューメキシコ州史上最大規模の山火事(ヘルミズ・ピーク/カーフ・キャニオン火災)が周辺水質に与えた影響を調査。焼失後の土壌流出により、河川や貯水池での濁度、重金属、栄養塩類の濃度が急増し、水質が大きく悪化したことが確認された。特に降雨後の流出が顕著で、安全な飲料水供給や生態系への深刻な影響が懸念される。この研究は、気候変動による山火事の増加に伴う水資源へのリスク評価や、将来の災害対応戦略の構築に重要な知見を提供する。

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米国ニューメキシコ州で記録された最大規模の山火事に伴う水生擾乱の縦断的伝播 Longitudinal propagation of aquatic disturbances following the largest wildfire recorded in New Mexico, USA

Justin Nichols,Eric Joseph,Asmita Kaphle,Paige Tunby,Lina Rodríguez,Aashish Khandelwal,Justin Reale,Peter Regier,David J. Van Horn & Ricardo González-Pinzón
Nature Communications  Published:21 August 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51306-9

大規模山火事による水質影響を測定(Water Quality Impacts from the Largest Wildfire in New Mexico’s History)

Abstract

Wildfire disturbance propagation along fluvial networks remains poorly understood. We use incident, atmospheric, and water-quality data from the largest wildfire in New Mexico’s history to quantify how this gigafire affected surface runoff processes and mobilized wildfire disturbances into fluvial networks after burning 1382 km2. Surface runoff post-fire increased compared to pre-fire conditions, and precipitation events that are frequently observed in the affected watershed (<2-year recurrence) and fell during the post-fire first rainy season resulted in uncorrelated, less frequently observed runoff events (10-year recurrence). Besides these shifts in runoff generation, the magnitude and fluctuation of daily water quality parameters and relevant ecosystem processes also shifted over multiple months, even at sites located >160 km downstream of the burn perimeter. Our findings emphasize the need to incorporate spatially resolved longitudinal sampling designs into wildfire water quality research and highlight the spatiotemporal co-dependency among atmospheric, terrestrial, and aquatic processes in defining the net outcome of wildfire disturbance propagation along impacted fluvial networks.

1904環境影響評価
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